Research on the treatment of Parkinson’s disease now has a history of more than 100 years. Since the 1940s and 1950s, functional neurologists in the United States and Japan have begun to use stereotactic brain surgery to treat Parkinson’s disease, and have achieved certain results. With the continuous development and application of new drugs, the surgical technique was once neglected. By the end of the 1970s, Parkinson’s patients found that the long-term application of levodopa and other drug therapy side effects continue to increase, the efficacy of the treatment is also significantly reduced, and the ensuing psychiatric symptoms become more serious. in the early 1980s, surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease has once again been emphasized. In particular, the emergence of new brain imaging techniques, which provided more precise anatomical localization methods for neuronal nuclei, allowed stereotactic surgery to enter a new stage of development once again. Head CT, MRI, and DTI imaging techniques provide clear anatomical structures of neural nuclei associated with motor abnormalities, and microelectrode recording techniques also provide precise functional localization reference standards for these neural nuclei. The perfect combination and application of all these techniques have made brain stereotactic surgery for Parkinson’s disease more mature and a routine surgical treatment. In recent years, the indications of stereotactic surgery have also been expanding. In addition to Parkinson’s disease, the surgery can also treat other abnormal motor function disorders, including idiopathic tremor (e.g., writing tremor), intentional tremor caused by cerebellar lesions, spastic cerebral palsy, torsion spasms, cervical spasms, choreoathetosis, and so on. The principle of brain stereotactic surgery is: using the surgical planning system, the image data of CT, MRI and DTI of the patient’s head are imported into the computer software, and then the functional neurologist adopts a specific program to reconstruct the neural nuclei in the patient’s brain related to the regulation and control of movement (e.g., thalamus floor nucleus, thalamus ventral intermediary nucleus, and the pallidum, etc., which are known as the target point of treatment), and to determine the coordinates of its three-dimensional space stereotactic coordinates, and at the same time, electrophysiological methods such as microelectrodes are adopted. At the same time, microelectrodes and other electrophysiological methods are used to verify the function of the therapeutic target points, and then the relevant electrodes are used to regulate or radiofrequency ablation of the relevant neuronal nuclei. Currently, there are two main stereotactic surgical methods: deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS) and radiofrequency ablation. DBS treatment has the characteristics of reversibility and adjustability, and needs to be installed in the body of the stimulator, the price is on the expensive side; radiofrequency ablation, on the other hand, is a one-time completion of the surgery, the price is inexpensive, and the disadvantage is that its irreversibility can’t be regulated over and over again. In the near future, stem cell transplantation therapy technology will have a profound impact on the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, and the transplanted specific stem cells will play the role of cell replacement, repair and immunomodulation, which will be more acceptable to Parkinson’s patients than drugs, and has a broad clinical application prospect.