In a small number of patients, “neuroleptic malignant syndrome” may occur after the application of neuroleptics. This syndrome has a high mortality rate (reported as 20% abroad). Its main features: (1) most often seen in the dopamine-blocking properties of antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol, fluphenazine and lithium, etc.; taking dopamine-depleting drugs, such as rifampicin, buprenazine. In addition, drugs for Parkinson’s disease, as well as cocaine addicts, have the potential to induce this syndrome. (2) In addition to the application of the above medications, there are a number of contributing factors. These contributing factors are fatigue, dehydration, high ambient temperatures, limb restraint, and reduced sweating after the application of drugs such as atropine; in addition, a less common contributing factor is anesthesia, especially after the application of succinylcholine. (3) It is generally recognized that its onset is not due to the toxic effects of the drugs mentioned above, nor is it related to allergic reactions. It is more likely to occur when the drug is too strong or in too large a dosage, or when it is injected intramuscularly. The above mentioned drugs may be used in psychiatric patients, but they may also occur in non-psychiatric patients. (4) The main symptoms of the disease are: (1) high fever: brain damage may occur. (2) Muscle stiffness, making it difficult for the patient to breathe, thus preventing breathing and cyanosis; and inability to swallow and muscle damage, myoglobinuria, and eventually renal failure. ③Central nervous symptoms: fatigue, pain, psychiatric symptoms and confusion. ④ Autonomic instability, including: increased heart rate, arrhythmia, increase in blood pressure (especially the increase in diastolic blood pressure is obvious), sweating and salivation. The above symptoms can cause lung infection, rostral insufficiency, renal failure and cause the patient to fall into coma. If not handled properly or treatment is not timely, or the patient’s reaction is too severe, and ultimately incurable. (5) nerve relaxant malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia, there are similarities: there are muscle rigidity and hyperthermia, but malignant hyperthermia with dantrolene is effective, but for nerve relaxant malignant syndrome is not all effective. (6) If the patient is resuscitated actively and timely, most of them can achieve good results. The main treatment is: ① mask oxygen inhalation, if necessary, for assisted whistling. ② high fever, physical cooling, including ice packs. ③Input of fluids. However, for patients with myoglobinuria, renal function has been impaired, if accelerate the infusion of fluids, can lead to renal failure, this point should be emphasized. ④ For patients with myoglobinuria and more severe disease, dialysis may be considered. Lung infection due to pulmonary aspiration occurs early, and pulmonary atelectasis also occurs because the muscle strength of the inspiratory muscles is not able to carry out normal ventilation due to muscle stiffness. All of them should be treated accordingly. (6) Cardiac symptoms such as increased heart rate may lead to infarction in patients with coronary artery disease, and thus require specific treatment with drugs. Specialized treatment, mainly for the supplementation of dopamine, generally used bromocriptine, which is a dopamine agonist, each time 5 mg, orally, three times a day; if necessary, this amount can be increased. After 5-10d of continuous administration, the drug can be discontinued if the symptoms subside. However, after discontinuing the drug, close observation is required to watch out for recurrence. If the nerve relaxant used is a long-acting preparation, then bromoergot cyclic peptide can not be discontinued, and the duration of the drug must be extended (10-30d). In addition, dantrolene, 25 mg orally or intravenously three times a day, may be used to relieve muscle rigidity and may reduce creatine phosphokinase levels to enhance the muscle relaxant effect. As long as the dopamine function in the brain is maintained, the symptoms of confusion, stupor and fever will subside naturally afterwards. Restraint of the limbs of psychiatric patients, when the symptoms improve, should be made passive voice movement, which has a certain effect on the complete disappearance of symptoms.