Clinically, thyroid surgery can be categorized into grades 1-4 based on the grading of the surgery, of which grades 3 and 4 are major surgeries, and all thyroid surgeries belong to grades 3 and 4, so thyroid surgeries are major surgeries. According to the different scope of thyroidectomy, it can be categorized into grade 3 surgery and grade 4 surgery. First, the thyroid lesions are benign lesions, at this time, the lesions can be removed, the normal thyroid gland can be retained, without the need for peripheral lymph node dissection, the surgical trauma is relatively small, the postoperative recovery is quicker, and there are fewer complications, which belongs to the third level of surgery, i.e., medium and large-scale surgery. Second, if the patient’s thyroid lesion belongs to malignant tumor, then it is necessary to perform a total thyroidectomy lymph node dissection, the surgical trauma is larger, and there will be postoperative complications such as incision infection, hoarseness, hypocalcemic convulsions, etc., which belongs to the fourth level of surgery, i.e., large-scale surgery.