Dysphagia is the inability to swallow food, and diseases that can cause dysphagia include diseases of the pharynx and esophagus. Diseases of the pharynx can include acute epiglottitis, acute laryngitis, and benign and malignant tumors of the pharynx. However, the clinical symptoms of these diseases are different. Acute inflammatory infections are usually caused by hemolytic streptococcus, which leads to swelling and congestion of the epiglottis, hoarseness, dysphagia, and pain during swallowing, which can be diagnosed by examination of electronic laryngoscopy. If the infection is acute, anti-inflammatory treatment and glucocorticosteroids are needed to relieve the swelling and congestion of the epiglottis, which can be gradually cured in about a week. Tumors in the pharynx can include pyriform fossa tumor, posterior cricoid tumor, and pharyngeal tumor, which can cause hoarseness and difficulty in swallowing, but the patient does not have other symptoms, and a cauliflower-like neoplasm in the pharynx can be found to block the entrance of the esophagus during the examination. In the treatment, it is necessary to take local pathology firstly, and if it is diagnosed as malignant tumor, it is necessary to carry out surgical treatment. Tumors in the esophagus are usually found at the entrance of the esophagus and in the upper and middle esophagus, and patients will have subxiphoid pain, back pain, acid reflux and progressive dysphagia, which can be diagnosed by examination of electronic esophagoscopy. If the tumor is diagnosed as esophageal tumor, first of all, we need to take local pathology, and after diagnosis, we can cure it with relevant surgical treatment.