Hepatitis B virus outer membrane protein s1 antigen positivity means infection with hepatitis B virus along with active viral replication. Hepatitis B virus pre-s1 antigen plays a relatively important role in the mechanism of hepatitis B virus infection as well as invasion of liver cells. Continued positivity of pre-s1 antigen indicates that the hepatitis B virus infection may have turned into chronic hepatitis B. At this point in time, the hepatitis B virus DNA quantification is accepted to be positive, and the e antigen is also positive. If the pre-s1 antigen gradually turns negative, it suggests that the replication of hepatitis B virus is relatively stable. However, positive pre-s1 antigen does not indicate the severity of the disease, and it is necessary to combine with liver function tests, ultrasound examination of the hepatobiliary system and hepatitis B five tests to assess the severity of hepatitis B disease. In addition, the hepatitis B virus is harmful and patients are advised to actively seek treatment.