Moderate thalassemia is more serious and may cause adverse consequences if not treated in time. Thalassemia, also known as dysgenerative thalassemia, is a hemolytic anemia caused by a deletion of the thalassemia gene, where the synthesized thalassemia chain is reduced or absent, resulting in anemia, splenomegaly, jaundice, and other symptoms. If thalassemia is left untreated, it may lead to more serious complications, such as severe anemia and iron overload leading to heart failure and cirrhosis. Treatment includes blood product transfusions and iron removal therapy such as desferrioxamine. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder, so prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling can be effective in preventing the birth of an affected child. Thalassemia patients should be detected and treated as early as possible under the guidance of a physician to avoid serious adverse consequences.