Types of beverages Clinical and epidemiological studies are inconsistent regarding the risk of urinary tract lithogenesis with different beverages. In a prospective letter survey of 21 specific beverages, the risk of lithogenesis decreased for daily coffee (10%), tea (14%), beer (21%), and wine (39%), respectively. However, apple juice and grapefruit juice significantly increased the risk of lithogenesis by 35% and 37%. However, according to the results of controlled clinical studies, alkaline beverages, such as orange juice, are suitable for preventing calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine stone formation. The intake of 1.2 liters of orange juice significantly increased urinary pH and citrate secretion. Lemon juice contains 5 times more citrate than orange juice and can increase the citrate content of urine with low citrate containing calcium stones by up to 2 times. At the same time, studies are being conducted on the increased risk of stone formation from liquid containing lithogenic substances. In normal subjects, cola significantly increases urinary oxalic acid secretion and beer lowers urinary pH and increases uric acid secretion. In a randomized controlled study of male stone patients, soft drink consumption (with added phosphoric acid) was strongly associated with recurrence of urinary stones during a 3-year follow-up. In Europe, mineral water is popular. As the mineral and bicarbonate content varies very much, the different composition of the composition should be taken into account. Considering the high calcium content in urine and the risk of calcium-containing stone formation, most controlled clinical studies have observed increased urinary calcium secretion. Bicarbonate-rich mineral water is alkaline and suitable for the treatment of calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine stones, while it is contraindicated for infected guano stones. However, the lithogenic effect is reduced by a decrease in urinary oxalate, and it is assumed that calcium binds to oxalate in the intestine thereby reducing the absorption of free oxalate in the intestine. A review of studies on the relationship between drinking water hardness and urinary stones is inconsistent. The United States has found a high prevalence of urinary stones in soft water areas, but no significant correlation was found between water hardness and urinary stone disease after correction for other environmental factors. Stone composition analysis showed that fluoride components in drinking water can enter stones. In areas with fluoridated drinking water, calcium oxalate stones have a high fluoride content and the degree of carbonate apatite crystallization increases with higher fluoride content. If the stone composition is unknown, then the beverage should preferably be neutral, i.e., dilute urine without altered urine components. Suitable beverages are low salt and low bicarbonate mineral waters. Conclusion: Regardless of stone composition or cause of stone formation, achieving adequate urinary dilution through adequate fluid infiltration is the most important therapeutic measure. Findings from epidemiological studies support adequate urinary dilution as a urine volume of at least 2 liters/day. Depending on the ambient temperature and intensity of physical activity, it is usually necessary to drink 2 to 3 liters of water per day to achieve this. The long-term efficacy of certain fluids for the prevention of different types of stones needs further study. Some inferences about water have no scientific basis, such as hardness.