What to do if you have abdominal bleeding

In patients with abdominal bleeding, two intravenous channels should be established first, preferably placed in the internal jugular vein to ensure smooth fluid input, either balanced salt solution or physiological saline such as sodium lactate. A cross-matching test for blood type should also be done, and the patient’s vital signs, such as heart rhythm, blood pressure, and urine, should be closely monitored. In case of hemorrhagic shock, along with transfusion to stop bleeding, blood products should be used for transfusion therapy, commonly used are concentrated red blood cells and plasma. Hemostatic drugs are crucial for the treatment of abdominal bleeding, such as vitamin K, prothrombin, and fibrinogen, when used clinically. If the vital signs are stable, conservative observation can be performed temporarily. If there is a gradual increase in heart rhythm and a progressive decrease in blood pressure, after conservative treatment with poor results, surgery should also be considered promptly. If the liver and spleen rupture bleeds, splenectomy and liver repair can be considered, and for abdominal mesenteric bleeding, ligation can be performed to stop the bleeding.