Pediatric gynecology, as an important part of modern gynecology, has received considerable clinical attention in recent years. Women need to go through 7 stages in their life, such as fetal period, neonatal period, childhood, puberty, sexual maturity, perimenopause and late menopause, etc. Childhood and puberty account for 1/4 of women’s life time. Childhood and puberty Jin Meiyuan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Tongde Hospital, is the most important stage of female growth and development. Gynecological diseases during this period will not only bring pain to the affected children and their families, but also affect the future of the affected children. However, for a long time, pediatric gynecological diseases have not received enough attention, and have been in a situation where both obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics are in charge, and neither is in charge. With the change of medical model and the rapid development of medical technology, pediatric gynecology as a subspecialty of modern gynecology is inevitable. Pediatric gynecological diseases include inflammation, menstrual disorders, congenital developmental abnormalities, tumors and trauma. Although these diseases are also more common in the reproductive and menopausal periods, they have their own characteristics in pediatric morbidity and are treated differently. While treating the disease, it is more important to consider the impact of the treatment on the physiological and psychological development of the child. Inflammation of the reproductive organs is the most common disease in pediatric gynecology. Due to the anatomical, physiological and behavioral characteristics of prepubertal females, vulvovaginitis accounts for about 40% to 50% of pediatric gynecological outpatient visits. Diagnosis of pediatric vulvovaginitis is also very different from that of adults, as a correct history is often not obtained directly from the child’s complaints and the child’s physical examination is uncooperative, both of which can cause many difficulties in diagnosis. The following three things should be done during diagnosis: 1. gain the trust of the child and eliminate his or her panic; 2. try to obtain vulvovaginal secretions for bacteriological examination to obtain an objective diagnostic basis; 3. try to avoid mental and physical trauma to the child during physical examination. The treatment is based on systemic medication, and local medication can be considered if necessary. Abnormal menstruation in adolescence is also a relatively common disease in pediatric gynecology. A distinctive feature of female pubertal development is the onset of menstruation, but menarche does not mean maturity. During female development, irregular uterine bleeding can be caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that has not yet been perfected, or by dysfunction due to various reasons that affect the development of this axis, which is called adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding (gonorrhea). The diagnosis of pubertal dysfunctional uterine bleeding, the most common abnormal menstrual disorder of puberty, must be based on its definition, which determines that the patient has abnormal regulation of the reproductive endocrine axis, while excluding other organic pathologies. Treatment should follow the three principles of hemostasis, cycle adjustment, and correction of anemia. Paying attention to psycho-psychological factors in adolescence, good psychological counseling and psychotherapy will play a rather important role in preventing the occurrence and re-occurrence of this disease. Congenital developmental abnormalities are also common in pediatric gynecology, mainly including congenital malformations of the genital tract and abnormal sexual development. In diagnosing congenital malformations of the female genital tract and sexual developmental anomalies, a detailed medical history must be taken, a comprehensive physical examination must be performed, and a comprehensive analysis must be made with the help of imaging examinations such as ultrasound, CT and imaging, and the diagnosis of sexual developmental anomalies must be supported by evidence of karyotype examination. Treatment should be individualized and humanized, and treatment plans should be developed according to the patient’s specific situation. Human-oriented is the core and guiding principle of our treatment. With the basic control of pediatric acute infectious diseases, pediatric malignancies have become one of the major diseases that seriously threaten pediatric life. In recent years, the incidence of pediatric gynecologic malignancies has been on the rise, which deserves the attention of gynecologic oncologists. Among pediatric gynecologic malignancies, ovarian malignant tumors account for most of them, mainly germ cell malignant tumors. Girls with abdominal pain, abdominal masses or any endocrine dysfunction should be considered to have ovarian tumors. Treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological therapy and supportive therapy. Among them, surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments. Surgery is mainly used to preserve the reproductive function of ovarian germ cell tumors by performing adnexal resection on the affected side and also performing standardized staging and exploration. Chemotherapy is the most effective treatment for pediatric gynecologic tumors. Chemotherapy should be individualized, and chemotherapy regimens should be selected according to the histological type, stage, and tissue grading of the tumor. The preservation of the physiological function of the child should be considered in an important position when formulating the treatment plan, and the side effects of various treatment plans should be fully considered when treating pediatric gynecologic malignancies, so as to minimize or avoid the toxic side effects in the near or long term. It is more appropriate to use the term “long-term survival” instead of “cured” prematurely for pediatric gynecologic malignancies. From the scientific attitude and statistical point of view, cured means that children with tumor can get the same chance of life as normal children of the same age and gender. There is another different view on the concept of healing, namely, the long-term sequelae after malignancy treatment, especially the effect of chemotherapy on the intelligence and growth of the children. These sequelae constitute some mild or severe disabilities and are incompatible with the concept of healing. However, it should be noted that very encouraging results have been achieved in recent years in the treatment of pediatric gynecologic malignancies. As long as it is determined that the treatment is promising, the confidence of pediatric parents should be encouraged, various complications that can occur in the treatment should be actively dealt with, and long-term observation and follow-up should be conducted after treatment. With the development of society and the needs of clinical practice, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gynecological diseases have begun to receive attention, but still face many problems, and need to continuously increase the efforts and investment in research, not only the input of gynecologists, but also the participation and support of pediatricians, psychologists, geneticists and sociologists, so that we can work together to contribute to the development of pediatric gynecology.