The female urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters on each side, the bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys produce urine, which flows into the bladder through the ureters and is finally excreted through the urethra.
1. Kidney, the renal parenchyma consists of the cortex and the medulla. The cortex consists of the renal tubules and the renal corpuscles. The top of the renal cone forms the renal papilla, and at the top of the renal papilla there is a papillary foramen, from which urine flows outward into the renal calyces. 2-3 renal calyces form a renal calyx, and each kidney has 2-3 renal calyces, which form a renal pelvis, which moves through the renal hilum to the ureter.
2. The ureter is divided into three parts: the internal wall is the section within the bladder wall; the pelvic section is the section between the bladder wall and the iliac vessels; and the abdominal section is the section between the iliac vessels and the beginning of the ureter. There are three physiologic strictures throughout the length, within the bladder wall, at the entrance to the lesser pelvis, and at the beginning of the ureter. These strictures are frequent sites of retention of urinary stones.
3. The bladder, which is divided into four parts: the tip, neck, body and base. The bladder wall consists of the tunica, muscularis propria, submucosa, and mucosa. The area between the urethral orifice and the two ureteral orifices is the bladder triangle, which is a good site for tuberculosis and tumors.
4. Urethra, female urethra is about 0.8cm in diameter and 3~5cm in length, and only has the function of urination. The female urethra is located between the anterior vaginal wall and the pubic symphysis, the upper end connects to the internal urethral opening of the bladder, and the lower end opens to the vaginal vestibule for the external urethral opening. The female urethra is shorter and straighter and is more likely to cause urinary tract infections.