Preoperative preparation, functional exercise and postoperative rehabilitation of artificial joint replacement
I. Pre-operative preparation
1.Physiological preparation
(1) Strengthen nutrition, pay attention to rest, reduce outdoor activities, and avoid cross-infection.
(2) Quit smoking. Smoking will lead to increased secretions and sputum in the trachea, which will easily lead to asphyxia due to sputum obstruction in the trachea during and after surgery.
(3) Train to cough effectively. Postoperatively, there will be an increase in respiratory secretions due to anesthetic stimulation and other factors, and patients often appear to have phlegm and dare not cough due to painful surgical incisions. If the sputum is not expelled in time, it may lead to pulmonary complications.
(4) Treat other infectious lesions in the body. For example, sinusitis, gingivitis, ringworm of the hands and limbs, etc.
(5) Stop taking aspirin for 1 – 2 weeks, and control basic normal blood sugar in diabetic patients.
(6) Train to urinate on your own. Two days before surgery, train to urinate in bed by yourself to reduce the possibility of urinary retention after surgery and to avoid the pain caused by the indwelling urinary catheter.
(7) Learn to use walkers and crutches.
(8) Carry out postoperative joint function exercise as early as possible.
2.Psychological preparation
Eliminate the psychological fear and anxiety. You can read popular science materials and participate in patient associations to understand the process and effect of surgery and build up confidence to overcome the disease.
Second, post-operative rehabilitation of artificial hip joint replacement
1.Posture Within two weeks after surgery, it is advisable to adopt a supine position, put a trapezoidal pillow between the two knees, and keep the affected limb in an abducted and neutral position.
2.Functional exercise
Hip extension: tighten the gluteal muscles, straighten the knee and extend the lower limb backward.
Hip flexion: slide the heel toward the hip in the prone position, note that hip flexion cannot be greater than 90 degrees.
Knee extension: raise one leg about 15 cm, hold it for 5 seconds, then change one leg and repeat 10 times;
Hip abduction: keep the toes up in the recumbent position, straighten the lower limb and spread the lower limb outward; straighten the lower limb when standing, spread the lower limb outward, hold for 5 seconds, repeat 10 times.
3.The correct position to get out of bed
Move the affected limb closer to the edge of the bed, lower the lower leg slowly, try not to put weight on the affected side, hold the walker on the able-bodied side and hold the edge of the bed on the affected side, and stand up slowly.
III. Post-operative rehabilitation of artificial knee joint replacement
1. Quadriceps training Strong thigh muscles can reduce the force on the knee joint and effectively extend the life of the joint. Sit at the head of the bed, straighten your new knee, tighten the muscles in front of your calf, tighten your thigh, pull your kneecap toward your thigh, and try to keep the back of your knee as close to the bed as possible, hold this for 5 seconds and repeat several times.
2.Improve joint range of motion Joint range of motion exercises help your new knee joint to be more fluid and smooth. Sit in a chair with a roll of towels under your knee and straighten your knee as much as possible for 5 seconds. Then bend your knee for 5 seconds and repeat several times.
Fourth, artificial joint replacement after surgery should be noted
1, within 3 months after surgery, avoid distorting the knee joint after knee replacement (such as rotating up when the lower limb is not moving), avoid using squatting stool, sitting on a low stool, sitting on a low soft sofa, cross-legged, stretched legs and excessive bending to pick up things; avoid lying on the lower side of the affected limb during sleep, and a pillow should be clamped between the two knees when the healthy limb is lying on the lower side.
2, climbing, stairs, running, walking and walking with weight are detrimental to the artificial joint, it is recommended not to do or do less.
3, weight control, which is especially important for obese patients.
4.If the joint continues to swell and pain, the skin is red and hot, and water flows outward, you should be alert to joint infection.
5.If your artificial joint has been used for a number of years and you have recently experienced joint pain when moving, it may be a loose or worn joint.
6.If you fall or have pain in the hip joint and cannot move, it may be a joint dislocation.
7, the correct posture of walking with a walker: first move the walker forward, and then step out of the healthy limb.
8, the correct posture of using crutches: stand, first out of the left crutch, step right foot; out of the right crutch, step left foot.
9, the correct posture of going up and down the stairs: when going up the stairs, the healthy limb first, crutches and the affected limb stay on the original step; when going down the stairs, the affected limb and crutches go down first, the healthy limb goes down later.
In fact, many bars in the doctor may be a matter of a few words, so it is recommended that any situation should promptly seek medical advice and listen to the advice of professionals.
Support Us
If the above content has been helpful to you, please click the share button to share the article or website. This is the greatest support for us.
Discussion
Share your experience, or seek help from fellow patients.
