1.Eating regimen
Reasonable dietary arrangements, often change the pattern, eat less meat and other high cholesterol food, eat more fruits and sparse vegetables. Be sure to ensure adequate fiber intake. Less alcohol, less salt and sugar will also be beneficial.
2.Life conditioning
(1) the method of getting out of bed and walking: from lying down to sitting on the edge of the bed, walking with both feet on the ground, with a walker or crutches ready by the bed, wearing good clothes, shoes and socks, with family protection. First, use the upper limb of the affected side to support the body, so that the body moved down to the center of the bed, the healthy side of the hand on the center of the bed, move to the healthy side, and slowly sit up straight. Then gradually move out of the bed. Use both hands to support the body, then tilt to the side of the bed, support the walker to stand firmly before walking.
(2) Precautions for taking transportation: In the future, be sure to turn up the seat when riding a bicycle. When riding in a car, you cannot sit on the back seat because if you sit like this, the angle of flexion of your legs will be more than 90 degrees, you can put the seat as flat as possible and put a small pillow under your feet. You will be allowed to drive 5 weeks after discharge from the hospital. Get in and out of the car with the healthy side first, or sit down first and then move both lower limbs at the same time. Take time to practice getting in and out of the car. It is better to park the car on the right side of the road and get off through the right hand door. It is better to take an ambulance or a van rather than a small car when discharged from the hospital. It is better to go out by train because the train is spacious and long enough to walk around casually. It is better not to take a bus because it is too crowded and cannot move around casually. Take the plane to plan first, it is best to have a wider pitch for the two rows of seats. No matter where you go, because there are permanent metal implants in the body, this implant will affect the metal detector, in order not to cause unnecessary trouble, the body should bring a doctor’s certificate issued to you.
(3) Exercise: You need to participate in regular activities and take part in the sports you like. The best exercises are walking, swimming, bowling and cycling. It is best to walk in thick-soled shoes. Avoid playing basketball, volleyball, soccer, hiking, and jogging. After six months, you can participate in work, but carry heavy objects. Do not exceed 12 kg and maintain balance when carrying heavy objects on your shoulder.
(4) Home preparation before discharge: After artificial femoral head replacement, it is necessary for the family to do some preparation carefully before discharge. For example, check the home for potential hazards, as the patient will need to use a walker or crutches for some time after going home. Make sure the aisles are bright and spacious and remove excess clutter.
①The height of the bed should be raised, either by raising the foot of the bed or by adding another mattress and raising it to 45 cm, so that it is easier and less strenuous to get in and out of the bed.
② Chairs can not be too low, you can prepare 1 high-backed chair or the chair will be padded. Raise the enamel 50 cm, and the chair should have armrests. Prepare a footstool for intermittent foot placement to facilitate sitting straight and easy to sit down or get up. Avoid sitting for a long time while watching TV, stand up and walk around. It is best not to sit on the sofa, because it can lead to dislocation.
③ Toilet bowl should be elevated, there should be handrails on both sides to facilitate the balance when sitting up, toilet paper should be placed in the accessible place, do not twist the body. It is best not to go to the bathroom at night, urinate, use the toilet safer.
④ Put the things you use every day in the place where you can get it at hand, and avoid bending down to pick things up. When doing housework, don’t bend down to get things for at least six months, and if you have to get them, ask someone else to do it for you. Get up at night to turn on the light before getting up. Don’t wear lace-up shoes, otherwise, you need to bend down to lace-up shoes, which is extremely inconvenient and easy to trip over the shoelaces. It is better to have deep pockets on your tops to pick up carrying items, such as books, phones, water glasses, etc. Dress as simply as possible.
⑤ You can take a shower 3 days after the removal of the stitches of the artificial joint replacement, but there are dangers. It is best to sit on a shower chair with armrests and put a non-slip rubber mat on the floor, and after taking a shower, you should also move your clothes carefully to prevent slipping.
3.Special care
(1) Maintain the correct position: 3 months after surgery to avoid side lying position, in any case, the lower limbs on the side of surgery should be spread 15 degrees 30 degrees to the outside, not to the inside, especially not to the inside and then flexed, which is very easy to lead to dislocation, supine position can be between the two thighs to produce a pillow to keep the lower limbs apart, this habit must be maintained for 3 months. Within six months after surgery, prevent the lower limbs from inward and inward rotation, do not put the affected limb on the other leg in a cross-legged position, do not squat and pick up things within one year after surgery, and do not flex the hip joint beyond 90 degrees when sitting.
(2) Prevention of complications
① Dislocation: the incidence of dislocation is very small, and the cause of dislocation may be related to the weakness of the muscle swing around the hip joint. Prevention method: must not cross the legs to avoid excessive external rotation or flexion of the hip over 90 degrees. You cannot cross your legs and turn over to lie on your side. Cannot run or jump to prevent sudden twisting or slipping.
②Infection: Infection rarely occurs after surgery due to the massive application of antibiotics to prevent infection of the incision, and once it happens it will lead to failure of the surgery, therefore, it should be reviewed regularly after surgery and should be checked at the hospital in time when there is discomfort. Prevention of cold and urinary tract infection is also a powerful measure to prevent infection after hip replacement.
③Deep vein embolism in the lower limbs: It may be due to lying in one position all the time in the early postoperative period, which may easily form blood clots and have serious consequences. The use of elastic bandage and early functional exercise can prevent thrombus formation.
4.Functional exercise
After discharge from the hospital life is mainly to face the recovery of the body, return to work or life self-care, whether they can make themselves live a normal life as soon as possible, it all depends on their own efforts to carry out functional exercise. The methods are.
(1) Supine position, ankle dorsiflexion and rotation exercises. Bending knee position to practice hip extension and flexion. 3 times a day for not less than 30 minutes each time.
(2) In the semi-recumbent position, first the affected limb is straightened as much as possible and the muscles on the leg are tensed as much as possible. Then slowly raise the straight leg by 20 cm 30 cm and hold it for 10 seconds. Slowly placed in bed, and then keep the muscles tense for 2 seconds, and then relax.
(3) Walking is the best way to exercise the function of knee and hip joints, and it is also the key to restore self-care. Start to go to the toilet by yourself, go to the table to eat, and then you can cook, brush dishes, go downstairs and take a walk.
5.Post-operative review
Post-operative review should be conducted once in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, and once a year thereafter. During the review, hip X-ray, blood sedimentation, C-reactive protein and blood count should be taken.