Osteoarthritis of the knee: does it always need surgery if it has been diagnosed? Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee should be divided into two parts: non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment, which needs to be tailored to each patient’s individual situation. It is generally recommended to try conservative treatment to relieve pain and improve quadriceps muscle strength in the early stages after diagnosis, and then try surgical treatment if conservative treatment does not work well. Non-surgical treatment includes: ① Medication: When there is joint pain, patients can take oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms, such as meloxicam, furosemide, ibuprofen, etc. However, most of the drugs have an adverse effect on the gastrointestinal tract. However, most of the drugs have some stimulation to the gastrointestinal tract, so it is better to take them after meals. ②Physical factor therapy: Patients can undergo ultrashort wave therapy, ultrasonic therapy, etc., which has the effect of relieving pain and improving patients’ symptoms. ③Exercise therapy: This is a very important treatment for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Most patients have varying degrees of quadriceps muscle weakness, which can aggravate the progression of the disease in patients. It has been found that quadriceps muscle training for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee can improve symptoms and slow disease progression. Therefore, after the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee, systematic quadriceps muscle training to improve knee stability and muscle control can help reduce pain, improve knee function, and slow disease progression. Surgical treatment: For patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty can be considered if conservative treatment does not work well. After surgery, patients should receive formal rehabilitation to promote recovery of knee function and avoid residual dysfunction. Current clinicians do not pay enough attention to postoperative rehabilitation after knee replacement, and many patients who undergo surgery do not receive systematic rehabilitation, which can seriously affect postoperative knee function and even lead to surgical failure and the need for reoperation. Rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty mainly includes the following aspects: ① Reduce swelling and pain, and improve walking ability: After surgery, patients will have varying degrees of swelling in the knee joint, and local ice can be applied to relieve pain and swelling. The affected lower limb needs to be elevated and should be above the level of the heart. After the postoperative drainage tube is removed, walking training under a walker can be gradually started if there are no obvious complications. ② Muscle strength training: Good muscle strength recovery is essential for functional recovery after knee arthroplasty and helps to prolong the life of the prosthesis. A progressive approach to plyometric training is needed to rebuild the dynamic stability of the knee joint. Straight leg raise training, quadriceps open chain closed chain training, and N cord muscle training can be tried. (3) Neuromuscular control training and proprioceptive training: Because patients with osteoarthritis of the knee have impaired proprioception, and because of the surgical injury, there are varying degrees of impaired proprioception in both lower limbs, which affects the recovery of knee function. The rehabilitation training should include proprioceptive training and neuromuscular control training.