Adult polycystic kidney disease is a familial dominant disease, and is one of the common diseases causing chronic renal failure and uremia. When the cyst grows to a certain stage, the tiny pathways connecting the cyst and kidney are blocked by tissue proliferation, and the fluid inside the cyst cannot be eliminated and gradually increases in size. The cysts compress the kidney tissue, resulting in atrophy and hardening of tubules, disappearance of glomeruli and impairment of kidney function. Kidney cyst species vary in size from the size of a soybean to the size of an egg, and when abnormally growing cysts squeeze the surrounding kidney tissues, they cause normal kidney tissues to lose their functions, resulting in renal hypofunction, chronic renal failure and even uremia. Cysts not only invade the kidney, but also the liver and pancreas, so patients with polycystic kidney are often found to have polycystic liver as well. Treatment mostly adopts puncture decompression therapy, but it cannot cure polycystic kidney. Since there is no effective treatment, it depends on controlling blood pressure, prohibiting nephrotoxic drugs, protecting kidney function, and activating blood circulation to slow down the progress of the disease. Simple renal cysts are very common in adults and change slowly in nature, with only a small number of changes, mainly a small change in number, followed by a mild increase in size, but there are a few cysts that shrink. Simple renal cysts are usually asymptomatic and are often found incidentally during ultrasound or CT of the kidney for physical examination or other purposes. Renal cysts can present with hematuria or localized back pain, or secondary infection, but rarely will renal failure. Small kidney cysts with no symptoms do not need treatment, when the cyst is larger than 5~6 cm or more, puncture and injection of sclerotherapy can be considered