Polycystic kidney is a genetic disease, unlike polycystic kidney cyst, and the increasing understanding of this disease has significantly improved the quality of life and survival of patients. The onset of polycystic kidney is mostly around 50 years old, but 70% of patients have not yet developed renal failure at the age of 50, and 50% of patients are still in the stage of renal function compensation at the age of 73, and most patients can still live normally without dialysis or transplantation. For the treatment of polycystic kidney, there is no special method, generally it is symptomatic and supportive treatment, mainly to control blood pressure and prevent infection. Early to mid-stage patients can be treated with cyst decompression surgery. This operation can protect the remaining normal kidney units from extrusion and further damage, so that the ischemic condition of kidney can be improved and the function of some kidney units can be restored, which slows down the development of the disease. However, decompression therapy is no longer meaningful for patients with advanced disease, so if the disease progresses rapidly, symptoms are obvious, renal function decreases, and blood pressure continues to rise, surgery should be performed early.