Monogenic genetic disorders are a class of inherited diseases caused by mutations in a single gene. According to the mode of inheritance, they can be divided into autosomal dominant disorders, autosomal recessive disorders, and sex-linked disorders, like X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and Y-linked disorders. Autosomal dominant disorders refer to this disease-causing gene, a gene mutation will show clinical symptoms, it is located on the autosomes, so its genetic risk, incidence and gender are not related, the incidence of males and females is basically the same. Common autosomal dominant disorders include dwarfism, which is congenital chondrodysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease, and polydactyly, multiple toes, and multiple fingers, which are all autosomal dominant disorders. Autosomal recessive disorders are those that require the presence of two disease-causing chromosomes in order to exhibit clinical symptoms and develop. If only one chromosome carries the disease-causing mutation, the child will be a carrier and will behave normally, so if both mother and father carry the recessive gene, there is a 1/4 chance that the child will develop the disease. Sex-linked diseases are also sex-linked, such as hemophilia, which is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder. A mother carrying the hemophilia gene has a 50% chance of passing the gene to her son, who will develop the disease.