Patient Mr. Duan, 60 years old, had abnormal renal function for one year. Recently, he was admitted to the nephrology department of our hospital due to recurrent discomfort. After examination, he was diagnosed with chronic renal failure and needed to undergo dialysis treatment. In view of the fact that the patient also suffered from hypertension and thrombocytopenia, in order to ensure the patient’s survival quality, protect the residual kidney function and delay the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, the nephrology department of our hospital decided to adopt peritoneal dialysis as a kidney replacement method for him after assessing the patient’s own management ability. The procedure went very smoothly without any postoperative complications and the catheter outlet recovered well. Currently, the patient is feeling well and the dialysis results are satisfactory. Medically, there are three main replacement therapies for end-stage renal failure: peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis requires drawing the patient’s blood out of the body, removing excess water and toxins through a machine and then delivering the blood back into the body, requiring 2-3 visits to the hospital per week for 4-5 hours each time, operated entirely by professional health care professionals. Kidney transplant patients have a better quality of life, but are often limited by the tight supply of kidneys and the high cost. Unlike the first two alternative therapies, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of dialysis that uses the body’s own peritoneum as the dialysis membrane. Through the exchange of solutes and water between the dialysis fluid instilled into the peritoneal cavity and the plasma components in the capillaries on the other side of the peritoneum, the body’s retained metabolites and excess water are removed, while the dialysis fluid is used to replenish the body with essential substances. By continuously renewing the peritoneal dialysis fluid, kidney replacement or support therapy is achieved, and it is also a treatment that does not require a nurse and can be performed at home every day. Compared to hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis has its own advantages: First, it is simple, safe, painless and has a wide range of applications, does not require special equipment, and patients can usually treat themselves at home according to their doctor’s prescription, which basically does not affect their work and is easy to carry. It does not require systemic application of anticoagulants, and the amount of intraperitoneal heparin is small and not easily absorbed, which does not increase the risk of bleeding and is suitable for dialysis patients with bleeding tendency. Second, no extracorporeal circulation, no hemodynamic changes, smooth dialysis, avoid hypotension caused by rapid reduction of blood volume, no imbalance syndrome, so for the elderly, especially for patients with cardiovascular disease with circulatory instability, the safety is higher. Third, to protect residual renal function and preserve urine volume. More studies have shown that the rate of decline of residual kidney function in peritoneal dialysis patients is significantly lower than that in hemodialysis patients. And residual kidney function is very important to improve the quality of life of dialysis patients and improve the survival of dialysis patients. Fourth, the removal of medium molecule substances is better than hemodialysis, the improvement of anemia and neuropathy is better than hemodialysis, the chance of blood being contaminated is less, and the incidence of delayed recovery of renal function after peritoneal dialysis to transplantation is low. Nowadays, with the improvement of living standard and change of lifestyle, diabetes and hypertension among chronic diseases have become two major diseases that cause chronic kidney disease followed by end-stage renal disease after chronic glomerulonephritis year by year. The onset of uremia has brought great pressure to patients, families, and all. Peritoneal dialysis has become the preferred treatment option for more and more patients with end-stage renal failure because of its advantage of delaying the process of residual renal decompensation in patients with renal failure, and because it is easy and effective.