In uremia, the accumulation of toxins, the disturbance of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance, and endocrine dysfunction seriously affect the normal activities of all systems in the body, resulting in a wide variety of complex clinical manifestations. If clinicians are not familiar with the manifestations of uremia, it is easy to cause missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Specific symptoms are as follows: 1. Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, eructation, vomiting blood or blood in stool, or even hemorrhage, as well as anorexia and diarrhea, are easily misdiagnosed as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer or bleeding, gastroenteritis; 2. Hypertension and heart failure are easily misdiagnosed as hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease; 3. Drowsiness, lethargy, coma are easily misdiagnosed as hepatic coma, hallucinations and psychosis are easily misdiagnosed as psychosis, epilepsy 4. dyspnea is easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary heart disease, and acidosis is easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary infection and bronchial asthma; 5. anemia, epistaxis and skin purpura are easily misdiagnosed as iron deficiency anemia, remitting anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, allergic purpura and leukemia; 6. pruritus is easily misdiagnosed as neuropruritus.