Currently, the most commonly used clinical procedures are the YESS technique for indirect disc decompression through the Kambin safety triangle and the TESSYS (Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System) for direct nerve root release and decompression through the intervertebral canal designed by Hoogland et al. System) technique. Although both techniques involve lumbar discectomy via a posterior lateral approach under local anesthesia, they differ in terms of surgical concept, direction of puncture, and placement of the surgical working cannula. The YESS technique is a rigid rod-shaped, combined, multi-canal, wide-angle percutaneous endoscopic system designed on the basis of the original lumbar lateral posterior percutaneous endoscope, and the end of the surgical working trocar is designed with different angled bevels. The epidural space, the inner and outer walls of the annulus fibrosus, and the intradiscal space can also be seen under the same wide-angle view. The YESS procedure is relatively simple and easy to perform, but has narrow indications for removal of prolapsed and free disc tissue. The YESS technique is relatively simple and easy to perform. Hoogland et al. designed a set of foraminal reamers of different diameters to address the shortcomings of the YESS technique. By removing part of the anterior inferior border of the superior articular process of the inferior vertebrae step by step, the foramen is enlarged, and the working catheter is placed directly into the spinal canal to remove the prolapsed or free lumbar disc tissue directly under the anterior dural space under direct endoscopic vision. This technique not only allows for the management of all types of lumbar disc herniation or prolapse, but also allows for the direct removal of free disc tissue and simultaneous enlargement of the lumbar foramen. Because the TESSYS procedure is performed through an enlarged foramen into the spinal canal, it is easier to insert the surgical trocar and does not pass through the narrow Kambin triangle into the disc, effectively avoiding and reducing damage to the traveling nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia during puncture and placement. However, this technique also has disadvantages such as higher operational difficulty, longer learning curve, and easy damage to the intravertebral vessels, traveling nerve roots, and dural sac. While the YESS technique is most suitable for nucleus pulposus decompression and torn annuloplasty for discogenic low back pain, the TESSYS technique is most suitable for direct removal of large disc prolapse and free disc tissue, and there is a complementary relationship between the two techniques. Therefore, we should not only master the correct operation of these two techniques in clinical practice, but also master and correctly select the best indications for these two procedures.