Otitis media is, as the name implies, an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear cavity. It is generally classified into acute otitis media and chronic otitis media depending on the age and clinical presentation. Acute otitis media generally does not require surgery and can be controlled or even cured with aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment. However, for chronic suppurative otitis media, most patients require active surgical treatment, otherwise the inflammation will recur and cause progressive hearing impairment, which will eventually seriously affect the patient’s quality of life. In particular, cholesteatoma otitis media should be treated with surgery as soon as possible, otherwise the lesion will destroy the bone and risk causing intracranial complications and facial paralysis. For patients with simple tympanic membrane perforation, the previous view was that the tympanic membrane could only be surgically repaired after 3 months of dry ear, but this view is now gradually being abandoned. The function of the eustachian tube is an important factor in the outcome of surgery, and preoperative evaluation of the function of the eustachian tube is very important. Although a number of surgeons have attempted to perform tympanic membrane repair in patients with poor eustachian tube function, the chances of postoperative success are relatively low and the procedure should be chosen with care. Modern otologic surgery has become much safer due to the widespread use of surgical microscopes and microscopic instruments, and the incidence of surgical complications is extremely low, but the surgeon’s surgical experience is very important. Patients should choose a large scale hospital and otologists for ear surgery. Although there is no consensus on the classification of chronic otitis media, it is generally divided into chronic suppurative and non-suppurative otitis media. The former is divided into simple, osteochondrotic and cholesteatomatous types. The latter is subdivided into exudative, relic, cicatricial, middle ear effusion, and glue ear. Chronic otitis media is a long-term chronic process that begins with acute otitis media. It is often combined with perforation of the eardrum and pus flowing from the middle ear, so it is also called chronic suppurative otitis media. From a professional point of view, it is only a general term. This is because it does not represent the different pathological changes, which in turn require in principle different treatment. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it is appropriate to differentiate chronic suppurative otitis media into different types for treatment according to its different developmental patterns. Firstly, chronic otitis media can be considered as a sequel to acute otitis media, so emphasis should be placed on the prevention and treatment of acute otitis media, especially acute infectious diseases in pediatrics. Secondly, the main symptom of chronic suppurative otitis media is pus flow with hard of hearing. The pus flow in the ear can be more or less frequent, and there are also cases where the pus flow basically stops and then recurs after a considerable period of time. The nature of the pus can be purulent or viscous. Purulent discharge with foul odor often indicates a combination of cholesteatoma formation. If the mucous discharge is odorless after removal, it may be chronic simple otitis media. In simple tympanic membrane perforation, hearing loss is often 30-40 dB if the auditory chain is not affected, and 60 dB if there is prolonged pus flow and the auditory chain is eroded and broken. If combined with otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss, more severe hearing damage can occur.