Acute otitis media is common in children after a cold. Long-term rhinitis, sinusitis and adenoidal hypertrophy are also good causes of acute otitis media, and the majority of children with secretory otitis media are also caused by long-term rhinitis and sinusitis and adenoidal hypertrophy. Acute suppurative otitis media can have systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, lethargy and loss of appetite. Ear pain is the most common manifestation of acute suppurative otitis media in children, often deep ear pain, which gradually increases and worsens when swallowing and coughing. In the early stage of physical examination, the tympanic membrane is seen to be congested, cloudy, bulging outward, and unclearly marked. Before the tympanic membrane is perforated, small yellow dots appear locally, and flashing pulsating bright spots are seen on the surface of the tympanic membrane, followed by an increase in the size of the perforation and discharge of pus. Chronic otitis media is characterized by prolonged ear discharge, sometimes accompanied by bleeding and a foul odor. Perforation of the loose or tense part of the tympanic membrane, sometimes with granulation or cholesteatoma epithelium in the tympanic chamber or external auditory canal, and hearing tests generally show varying degrees of conductive deafness. Hearing loss is a common manifestation of secretory otitis media in children. Children are insensitive to sound and often do not report hearing loss, but are often brought to the doctor by their parents for inattention and decreased academic performance. The principles of treatment for acute suppurative otitis media in children are infection control, drainage and etiological treatment; early application of an adequate amount of antibiotics to control infection, and taking pus for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test after tympanic membrane perforation to select sensitive antibiotics. If the symptoms are severe, the tympanic membrane is obviously bulging and there is no obvious relief after treatment, tympanotomy should be performed under aseptic operation to facilitate unobstructed drainage; if it is determined that the inflammation has subsided but the perforation does not heal for a long time and turns into chronic otitis media, tympanotomy can be performed, and nasopharyngeal or nasal cavity diseases should be actively treated at the same time. For children with persistent or recurrent otitis, tympanic membrane placement should be performed, and ventilation tubes should be left in place for more than one year.