There are many risk factors for stroke, both controllable and non-interventionable, such as gender, age, race and genetics are non-controllable factors. However, the risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol abuse, and hyperhomocysteinemia can be controlled and intervened. This series presents the control of related risk factors, which are recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) and American Stroke Association (ASA) guidelines. Hypertension – Hypertension is the most established and controllable important risk factor for cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, so treating hypertension is one of the most effective ways to prevent ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The benefit of treating hypertension for stroke prevention is well established in patients of all ages, including those >=80 years. Moreover, lowering lipid blood pressure is more important than choosing the specific medication to achieve the goal. The guidelines clearly state that systolic blood pressure should be less than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg; for hypertensive patients with diabetes or renal disease, the blood pressure goal should be less than 130/80 mmHg.