Nasal polyps are more frequent bilaterally and less frequently unilaterally. The common symptom is persistent nasal congestion that worsens as the polyp grows in size. Nasal discharge increases, sometimes accompanied by sneezing, the discharge can be plasma, mucus, if complicated by sinus infection, the discharge can be purulent. Most of them have smell disorder. If the nasal congestion is heavy, the speech is occlusive nasal sound and snoring during sleep. If the polyp is long, it can be felt that there is something moving in the nasal cavity with breathing. Polyp in the posterior nostril can cause difficulty in exhalation through the nose, and if the polyp obstructs the eustachian tube, it can cause tinnitus and hearing loss. If the polyp obstructs the drainage of sinus, it may cause sinusitis, and the patient may experience pain and swelling in the dorsum of the nose, forehead and cheeks.
Examination Rhinoscopy reveals one or more smooth, gray, yellowish or reddish translucent swellings in the nasal cavity, such as lychee flesh. They are soft to the touch, painless and do not bleed easily. Small polyps can only be detected by constricting the turbinates with vasoconstrictors or by nasal endoscopy. In the case of large polyps, they can develop forward to the anterior nostril, and the front end of them is often stimulated by the outside air and dust, and they are light red, sometimes with ulcers and scabs on the surface. Nasal polyps can develop backward to the posterior nostril or even the nasopharynx. Large nasal polyps can cause deformation of the external nose and widening of the nasal dorsum, forming a “frog nose”. Thin plasma or mucous, purulent secretions can be seen in the nasal cavity.
Diagnosis According to the medical history, symptoms and examination, the diagnosis is not difficult.
Treatment 1.Small polyps are mainly treated with internal medicine.
2. Functional endoscopic nasal sinus surgery is performed if drug treatment is ineffective.
3, multiple or recurrent polyps are treated with conventional surgery.