Congenital cardiovascular disease is the most common type of congenital malformation. With the advances in cardiac diagnostic methods and surgical treatment techniques, most congenital cardiovascular diseases can now be clearly diagnosed and surgically corrected and treated, and the prognosis is significantly improved compared to the previous ones. The diagnostic techniques for congenital heart disease in children are the same as those for adults. In children with congenital heart disease, abnormalities in blood flow can produce murmurs, which can be heard with a stethoscope. Electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms are commonly used to diagnose the type of congenital heart disease. Most congenital heart defects can be corrected surgically, and the timing of the procedure is determined by the type of defect, symptoms, and severity of the condition. However, there are many children with congenital heart disease who come to the hospital for surgery when the heart valves are already severely closed and the heart form is significantly enlarged or produces severe pulmonary hypertension, making surgery more difficult and risky, and in severe cases, the opportunity to operate is lost. For this reason, congenital heart disease should be treated by surgery as early as possible. Congenital heart disease (congenital heart disease) is one of the common congenital anomalies in children. About 7‰-11‰ of babies born in China each year have congenital cardiovascular anomalies, mostly seen as ventricular and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve, aortic valve stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot, large vessel misalignment, etc. Approximately 1/2 of all children with precordial disease die within the first year of life due to severe cardiac anomalies. Survivors are prone to recurrent respiratory infections, growth retardation, and poor physical strength at all ages of their growth and development. If left untreated, they will eventually lead to pulmonary hypertension, heart enlargement, heart failure, and in some cases, life-threatening complications of endocarditis, embolism, hemorrhage, and hypertension. According to the data, at present, precardiac disease has risen to the first place among the causes of death of infants under 5 years old from the second to the fourth place in earlier years. Precocious heart disease is mostly caused by genetic, environmental and certain drugs taken during pregnancy. With timely diagnosis and early surgical treatment, most of them can be cured and can live and work like normal people after surgery. However, many children with precocious heart disease delay seeking medical attention for various reasons, so that the condition has reached an advanced stage, or completely lost the opportunity to operate, or complicate the cardiopulmonary insufficiency, making the operation more difficult and risky, thus also multiplying the cost of treatment. As for the age at which surgery is most appropriate, it should be decided according to the type of precocious heart disease and the early and late appearance of symptoms. If the condition requires it, such as severe malformation, early onset of symptoms, recurrent heart failure, endocarditis, and life-threatening conditions, surgery can be performed as early as possible regardless of age. Parents should take their children to the hospital as soon as possible for examination to clarify the nature and degree of heart malformation, and let the specialist decide the appropriate age for surgery, rather than holding the idea of “waiting until they are older” to avoid delaying the condition.