The so-called stress hyperglycemia refers to the body’s insulin resistance, reduced glucose tolerance or intolerance, and persistent hyperglycemic state caused by a variety of acute, severe diseases, such as trauma, perioperative stress. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two categories: 1. Hyperglycemic manifestations in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus; 2. Hyperglycemic manifestations in patients without a history of diabetes mellitus. Because of the close relationship between hyperglycemia and the prognosis of surgical patients, the correct diagnosis and treatment of perioperative stress hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in patients is an important factor in determining whether the patients can recover quickly. Clinical manifestations are: patients’ resistance to infection, liver and kidney function, and trauma healing ability are comprehensively reduced. Prevention and treatment include: 1. Relieve the stressor. The treatment of the primary disease can reduce the degree of stress in the organism and reduce the release of stress hormones, thus lowering the blood glucose level. 2, Proper nutritional support therapy. Provide appropriate calories and protein to reduce the body’s protein loss under the premise of promoting low-calorie nutritional support. 3.Insulin intensive treatment. If the blood glucose is higher than 11.1mmol/L for two consecutive times or the blood glucose fluctuates greatly, insulin continuous intravenous drip can be chosen. 4.Standardized monitoring of blood glucose. Hourly monitoring of blood glucose to regulate the speed of insulin infusion, so as to maintain blood glucose stability, conditions should be monitored at the same time blood insulin concentration.