A predominantly mechanical blood flow disorder due to congenital or acquired factors that cause valve malformation or deformation is called valvular disease. Acquired, especially rheumatic, heart valve disease is common, and the changes in the valve itself are more pronounced. For example, valve thickening, calcification, or the further development of an ectasia scar leads to valve deformation, stenosis, or incomplete closure, resulting in the loss of normal valve function. This results in abnormal hemodynamic lesions such as blood flow or regurgitation and heart valve disease. If the blood flow is not smooth due to valve deformation, it is called valve stenosis, such as mitral valve stenosis, aortic valve stenosis, etc. If the blood regurgitates due to poor valve closure, it is called incomplete closure. Zou Long, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital