The mitral valve is the most commonly involved site in heart valve disease and often presents with mitral stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency, while chronic rheumatic heart valve disease is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. Other causes of mitral stenosis include congenital abnormalities of mitral valve development, connective tissue lesions, severe aortic valve insufficiency, and left atrial mucinous aneurysm. It is very important to have mitral stenosis preventive health care, with mitral stenosis how to self-care?
1, drug health care
(1) cardiac insufficiency: oral digoxin, 0.125-0.25 mg each time, once a day, and oral diuretic hydrochlorothiazide tablets, 25 mg each time, twice a day, and spironolactone, 20 mg each time, twice a day. Oral anti-cardiac pain, 5 mg each time, 3 times daily.
(2) Those with rheumatic activity: control hemolytic streptococcal infection, oral prednisone and intramuscular procaine penicillin (see section on rheumatoid arthritis for details).
(3) Chinese herbal treatment: to tonify blood and benefit qi, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, such as decoction of dang ginseng, angelica, cinnamon stick, maitong, peach kernel, safflower, raw earth, white peony and astragalus.
2.Nursing care
(1) Pay attention to the changes of heart rate and heart rhythm.
(2) Pay attention to oral hygiene and timely treatment of hidden lesions;
(3) Pay attention to warmth and try to avoid upper respiratory tract infection;
(4) For patients who have been bedridden for a long time, when coughing with sputum, assistance is needed to turn more often, pat the back and change the position to facilitate coughing out of sputum. And give timely medication to avoid pneumonia;
(5) Regular outpatient follow-up review.
3.Dietary care
(1) For those with good heart function and no rheumatic activity, the diet should be the same as that of normal people to ensure sufficient calories and nutrition;
(2) poor heart function, diet should be light, low salt, with high protein, high vitamin and fiber food, such as lean beef, lamb, carp, rhubarb fish, soybeans, fava beans, shiitake mushrooms, etc.;
(3) Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as chicken hair, collard greens, eggplant, watermelon, peaches, apricots, etc;
(4) Try not to smoke, drink less alcohol, less coffee and strong tea.
4, living health care
(1) Keep the living room ventilated and sunny.
(2) Regular life, pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
(3) Avoid overexertion.
(4) Maintain adequate sleep.
(5) Avoid living in a humid environment.
5.Mental health care
Avoid emotional excitement and bad mental stimulation, strengthen self-control, keep the body and mind in the best state of recovery, and maintain psychological balance.
6.Exercise health care
Those with good heart function should participate in appropriate physical exercise, such as qigong, health exercises, taijiquan, taiji sword, walking and other exercises, but should not participate in strenuous physical activities or excessive physical labor.
7, marriage and reproductive health care
(1) Mild mitral stenosis with good cardiac function and no symptoms should pay proper attention to warmth and rest, and marriage and childbirth are possible; however, sexual life should be abstained.
(2) For those who suffer from severe mitral stenosis and have symptoms of cardiac insufficiency such as panic and shortness of breath after activity, inability to lie down at night, swelling of the lower limbs or history of hemoptysis, they should rest in bed and be given cardiac diuretics, and should not get married.
(3) For those who develop cardiac dysfunction during pregnancy, mitral valve separation surgery should be performed during the 4th-6th month of pregnancy.