The incidence of breast cancer is gradually increasing, and it has become the first malignant tumor among women in some big cities, and the age of incidence is indeed showing a younger trend, which is related to a variety of reasons. Nowadays, women generally have earlier menarche and longer exposure to estrogen, coupled with environmental pollution, dietary pollution, high-fat food, hormone-containing health products and cosmetics, which make young women more frequently exposed to exogenous estrogen, and breast cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor, which makes its incidence at a younger age. The stressful life, mental pressure, emotional shock, poor self-regulation and dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system make breast cancer more likely to occur. Late marriage, late childbirth and less breastfeeding. A large number of epidemiological surveys show that women who marry late, have children late, do not breastfeed or breastfeed for a short period of time are more prone to breast cancer, while marriage at an appropriate age, natural childbirth and breastfeeding are all conducive to reducing the risk of breast cancer. Previously, surgical treatment of breast cancer required removal of the breast. As research on breast cancer continues, clinicians are increasingly recognizing that breast cancer is a systemic disease. The goal of local treatment is only to remove the lesion and clarify the nature of the disease. Systemic comprehensive treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, etc. play an increasingly important role in the treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer surgery also shows a trend of gradual reduction. With the continuous development and optimization of systemic therapies, the indications for breast conservation are expanding, and more and more breast cancer patients can preserve their breasts without the need for total mastectomy. For example, breast conservation is recommended only for early stage breast cancer with lesions below 3 cm, but later it is expanded to 5 cm, and breast-conserving treatment is still possible for lumps with lesions over 5 cm that have been reduced to less than 5 cm by radiotherapy and other means. For example, the 2013 and 2015 editions of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association Breast Cancer Guidelines were revised regarding the absolute contraindications to breast-conserving surgery. This makes breast conservation possible for patients treated with radiotherapy during non-pregnancy. There are several large-scale clinical trials that have confirmed that the survival rate after breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy is consistent with that after total mastectomy, but of course this has an important relationship with the correct choice of indications, excellent surgical technique, and timely postoperative adjuvant therapy.