The human body has five segments of the lumbar intervertebral disc, which is the spacer between the vertebrae, cylindrical and flexible. The lumbar disc consists of two parts: the outer layer is the tough fibrous ring and the core is the soft nucleus pulposus. A lumbar disc herniation is when the fibrous ring of the lumbar disc ruptures, causing the inner nucleus pulposus to be squeezed out, and the protruding nucleus then compresses the spinal nerve root next to it, causing back pain and radiating pain in the lower extremities (usually sciatica, radiating down the path of lumbar-hip-back-of-thigh-lateral-calf-foot, accompanied by the sensation of a tendon dangling from the back of the thigh). Obviously, the full range of symptoms of lumbar disc herniation is caused by compression of the nerve roots, and therefore the disease can be cured only by relieving the compression of the nerve roots. The high incidence of lumbar disc herniation is of great concern as it has a greater impact on a person’s quality of life and work. There are many clinical treatments for lumbar disc herniation, and different doctors may give very different treatments and recommendations, while many patients lack the relevant knowledge and are uncertain about surgical and non-surgical, minimally invasive and open surgery. Director Zheng pointed out that if the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are serious and conservative treatment is ineffective, minimally invasive surgery should be considered, and major surgery with internal fixation of steel nails is basically not needed for simple lumbar disc herniation. The accepted view now is that lumbar disc herniation should be treated with a ladder treatment program according to the condition. The first ladder: conservative treatment – treatment with Micropoietin, vitamins and pain medication, together with massage, physiotherapy and traction; if regular conservative treatment is ineffective for more than 3 months, the second ladder should be considered; the second ladder: minimally invasive surgery – including microdiscectomy, discoscopy microdiscectomy, discoscopic surgery, foraminoscopic surgery; choose one of the minimally invasive surgical methods according to the degree of disc herniation and the site of herniation. Among them, microdiscectomy is the preferred one, which combines access technology and microscopic technology to completely remove the diseased disc through an incision of about 2 centimeters and satisfactorily release the nerve root compression. The surgery is minimally invasive and the patient can walk on the floor after 3 days, with a short hospital stay and very low cost. The majority of patients can be cured or significantly improved by minimally invasive surgery, and only a few patients with ineffective minimally invasive surgery or recurrence will be considered for the third stage; third stage: open fusion internal fixation surgery – commonly known as “nailing surgery “This is the ultimate surgical option for lumbar discs. The ultimate fusion fixation surgery is not advocated in the early to mid stage of the disease. Patients who need open fusion fixation surgery are: (1) patients in whom minimally invasive surgery has failed or who have relapsed; and (2) patients with lumbar disc herniation combined with spinal instability (e.g., slipped vertebrae). Since most lumbar disc herniation does not manifest spinal instability, fusion fixation is not necessary for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Open fixation fusion surgery itself is very traumatic, with limited postoperative activity, high surgical risk, and many postoperative complications, such as failure and/or failure of internal fixation of the pedicle nail, loosening of the intervertebral fusion, infection, and nerve root and/or ganglion injury; in addition, after fusion of one intervertebral segment, disc degeneration and herniation will inevitably occur in the adjacent segment, and the possibility of reoperation of the adjacent segment after 5 years is high. In order to avoid the risk of major surgery, elderly patients should simplify the procedure and choose minimally invasive techniques whenever possible. Fixed fusion should not be advocated in younger patients, as it can lead to future reoperations in other segments. In conclusion, only about 5% of patients with lumbar disc herniation require fusion fixation. It is true that only this percentage of fusion fixation is performed in countries such as Europe, America and Japan, but the percentage in China is much higher. Some patients who should have been cured by minimally invasive surgery had steel nailing instead with poor results or complications, which needs to be corrected. Of course, lumbar disc herniation is the result of a combination of aging + exertion. It is not a matter of removing the lumbar disc, but also a matter of rehabilitation and proper exercise, which need to be carried out under expert guidance. In addition, aging and strain will continue, medical development can not yet make people “rejuvenate”, so it is necessary to take rehabilitation and exercise measures to delay the possible recurrence of aging.