Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cannot be treated with radioactive iodine 131, and should be treated with medication (e.g. levothyroxine sodium tablets) or surgery according to the condition. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a kind of autoimmune thyroiditis, which has no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and hypothyroidism will appear in the later stage of the course of the disease. Radioactive iodine 131 treatment will destroy the thyroid tissue and reduce the production of thyroid hormones, which is generally used to treat hyperthyroidism, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis will aggravate the symptoms of hypothyroidism if it is treated with radioactive iodine 131 treatment. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is treated as follows: ① if only mild goiter occurs, generally do not need treatment; ② when clinical hypothyroidism occurs, levothyroxine replacement therapy is given; ③ if rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland occurs, accompanied by localized pain or symptoms of compression, glucocorticoid therapy, such as prednisone, can be given. ④ If compression symptoms are obvious and drug treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment, such as thyroidectomy, may be considered. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis should be treated under a doctor’s supervision.