OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
AIDS neurological damage refers to the neurological damage caused on the basis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including neurological damage caused by human immunodeficiency virus itself, neurological opportunistic infections and tumors, strokes, and neurological adverse reactions to therapeutic drugs. It often manifests as headache, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, fever, sensory disturbances, blurred consciousness, and generalized tonus.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Infectious diseases, neurology
Clinical symptoms
Headache, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, aphasia, cognitive impairment, poor concentration, memory loss, etc.
Hazards
It can cause cerebral nerve paralysis, cerebral atrophy, progressive spastic paraplegia, ataxia, urinary incontinence, ophthalmic infection, etc., which is life-threatening.
Complications
Cerebral nerve palsy, cerebral atrophy, progressive spastic paraplegia, ataxia, urinary incontinence, eye infection, etc.
Examination
Routine blood test, routine cerebrospinal fluid test, cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus RNA or DNA test, CD4 cell test, head CT, magnetic resonance imaging, human immunodeficiency virus antibody and antigen test, electroencephalogram, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on the manifestations of headache, photophobia, convulsions, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, combined with immune function, routine cerebrospinal fluid test, anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibody and nucleic acid test.
Treatment principle
There is no specific drug, and comprehensive treatment such as antiviral therapy, radiotherapy and surgery is the mainstay. Strictly prevent all kinds of infections.
Curability
Aggressive treatment can relieve symptoms.
Dietary recommendations
High-energy, high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.
Important Reminder
AIDS focuses on prevention. Care should be taken to cut off the 3 main transmission routes, i.e. sexual contact, blood and mother-to-child transmission, to avoid the onset of the disease.
Causes
Causes
It is mainly caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) directly invading the central nervous system.
Routes of transmission
Sexual contact, blood-to-blood and mother-to-child transmission.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. Human immunodeficiency virus-induced central nervous system damage (1) Human immunodeficiency virus aseptic meningitis is mainly manifested by headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, sore throat, loss of appetite, diarrhea, etc. There may be obvious symptoms of encephalitis such as convulsions, aphasia, etc., and when the frontal lobe is involved, there may be generalized tonic-clonic seizures. (2) AIDS dementia syndrome mainly manifests as progressive cognitive decline, inattention, memory loss, temporal and spatial disorientation, motor function decline, behavioral abnormalities, etc., and there may be difficulty in walking, inability to write, and balance dysfunction, etc. 2.Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system secondary to AIDS (1) Cerebral toxoplasmosis manifests as headache, low-grade fever, and focal neurological dysfunction, epilepsy, etc. (2) Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis manifests as progressive worsening of headache and impaired consciousness, accompanied by fever and increased intracranial pressure.3. Central nervous system tumors secondary to AIDS are mainly primary central nervous system lymphomas, which are mostly of subacute onset, manifesting as headache, fuzzy consciousness, visual disturbances, altered mental status, and so on; those with meningeal metastasis may have cerebral nerve damage as well as multiple nerve root damages, and so on.
Diagnostic basis
1. confirmed AIDS patients. 2. headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, aphasia, cognitive impairment, inattention, memory loss, etc. 3. non-specific increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts and protein levels. 4. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acid. 5. cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT showing progressive cerebral atrophy are helpful in the diagnosis of dementia with AIDS syndrome. 6. deficiency virus itself causes neurologic damage that requires the exclusion of other diseases.
TREATMENT
Treatment guidelines
There is no specific drug, and a combination of antiretroviral therapy, radiotherapy and surgery is the mainstay of treatment.
Drug therapy
There are no specific therapeutic drugs, but antiviral treatment programs with better blood-brain barrier permeability can be applied to alleviate symptoms.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy can be used for central nervous system tumors secondary to AIDS.
Surgery
Lymphomas that are solitary and have no extracranial metastases, granulomas or abscesses caused by infection with AIDS-related pathogens can be removed by craniotomy. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt may also be considered for hydrocephalus due to infection.
Prognosis
The prognosis is poor.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Strictly prohibit drug use and do not share syringes with others.2. Do not have unauthorized blood transfusion or use blood products, which should be used under the guidance of a doctor.3. Do not borrow or share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors, shavers, etc.4. Ensure sufficient rest and sleep, and take appropriate and reasonable exercise, such as walks, jogging, swimming, etc.5. Regularly follow up the consultation and observe the condition.
Diet regulation
High energy, high protein, rich vitamin diet.