Bone cement is a biomaterial used to fill the bone to implant gap or bone cavity and has self-consolidating properties. The chemical name is polymethylmethacrylate PMMA, also known as acrylic bone cement. Since 1958, when Charney first used bone cement to fix a femoral prosthesis for successful total hip replacement, bone cement has been widely used in orthopaedic clinics, ensuring immediate postoperative stability of the prosthesis without any micro-movement at the bone tissue-cement-prosthesis interface, allowing early postoperative weight bearing, and providing positive results. Bone cement is not a glue, has no adhesive properties, and is not chemically connected to the bone or prosthesis, but is a material that fills the space and transmits the load through a mechanical connection. Micro-interlock fixation refers to the immersion of the bone cement into the cancellous bone to form interlocking inlays at the interface. It helps to convert the shear stress between the bone cement and the bone surface into compressive stress, resulting in a significant increase in the strength of the interface, and also prevents micro-movement of the prosthesis at the interface. The volumetric filling is a completely uniform distribution of bone cement between the prosthesis and the bone, which acts as a stress conductor. Without bone cement, load conduction between the prosthesis and the bone bed through a few point contacts will result in increased local stresses at the contact site. The following three conditions need to be met to achieve microscopic strand locking: (1) The bone surface retains gaps (bone trabeculae or micropores). (2) Low viscosity bone cement. (3) Maintenance of pressurization. Bone cement volume filling is required to meet the following conditions: (1) Thorough cleaning of the medullary cavity. (2) Reduce bleeding in the medullary cavity. (3) Uniform and adequate filling. It is generally considered that the optimal thickness of bone cement is not less than 2 mm, and that fractures may occur with a layer thinner than 1 mm or thicker than 3 mm, especially if the cement layer is too thin and more likely to fracture under stress. The advantages are as follows: (1) the cancellous bone can withstand the deformation force after reinforcement due to the penetration of the bone cement into the trabeculae; (2) the stress distribution between the prosthesis and the bone is uniform; (3) the stress transmission range of the prosthesis is increased; (4) the undesirable stresses are reduced and the stress concentration is avoided; (5) a certain tolerance of deviation is allowed for the surgeon’s skill and the quality of the bone. After cement fixation, the long-term stability of the artificial joint depends on the maintenance of interdigitation between the cement and bone, the quality of fixation between the cement and the prosthesis, and the strength of the cement itself. Weakness in any one of these components will lead to overall failure. Successful cement fixation depends on the cement application technique. Bone cement application techniques have evolved from the first generation in the 1970s to the current third generation, which is classified according to the technical content in the development of bone cement fixation techniques for femoral stem prostheses, rather than according to the time of application. The first generation of bone cement technology includes finger pressure filling and manual mixing; the second generation of bone cement technology builds on the first generation with the application of medullary plugs, medullary irrigation, and the application of cement guns; and the third generation of technology includes the second generation of technology, vacuum mixing, and a centralizer device.