The membranes play a role in the never-ending circulatory activity of the heart and are both common and critical: the valves are the equivalent of gatekeepers, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles that have just left. There are valves between the atria and the ventricles, and between the ventricles and the blood vessels leaving the ventricles. After the blood flows through, the valves close, making the heartbeat sound we hear on TV. (With a stethoscope, it’s all about hearing how the heart valves are working – the crispness of the heartbeat sound indicates whether the valves are closing well or not; while a muffled sound indicates the size of the caliber of the valve opening, or whether there is a hole in the valve.) The most common valve problem is mitral valve prolapse, a term derived from “bishop’s crown,” which is a hat worn by a bishop with two cusps. The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly. 1, rheumatic fever-induced valve disease, i.e. rheumatic heart disease, is an autoimmune disease secondary to streptococcal infection, mainly causing progressive fibrosis, thickening, and even calcification of the valve. 2, infective endocarditis, commonly caused by bacterial and mycobacterial infections, mainly causes valve perforation, tearing, and even destruction. 3, Ischemic heart disease, mostly seen after myocardial infarction, due to ischemic necrosis of the valve papillary muscle, or fracture occurs, resulting in mitral valve closure insufficiency. 4, degenerative valve lesions, mostly seen in the elderly, valve fibrosis, calcification changes, in recent years there is an increasing trend. 5, congenital valve malformation, congenital malformation of the valve is diverse, can be as absent, stenosis, atresia, cleft and so on. 6.Other things such as tumor invasion, trauma, etc. can also lead to valvular lesions.