The soft ureteroscope has the advantages of being minimally invasive, safe, less painful for the patient and faster recovery than the hard ureteroscope which is widely used in Europe and America. The indications for surgery are briefly explained: 1. for diagnosis: diagnosis of the cause of unexplained upper urinary tract hematuria; diagnosis and follow-up of epithelial tumors of the upper urinary tract; 2. for treatment: (1) stones in the renal pelvis and calyces that are difficult to reach by rigid microscopy, especially stones in the lower renal calyces and some stones in the upper ureter; eliminates the pain of incision or the surgical risk of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and is a truly minimally invasive procedure; ( (2) intracavitary resection of localized low-grade and low-stage upper urinary tract uroepithelial tumors; (3) laser hemostasis under direct vision for more limited upper urinary tract bleeding.