OBJECTIVE: To investigate the medium- and long-term efficacy of trans-posterior microendoscopic discectomy for single-segment lumbar disc herniation. To observe the postoperative MRI imaging changes of the lumbar spine. Methods: 232 patients with single-segment lumbar disc herniation who underwent microendoscopic discectomy were followed up. 129 cases were followed up successfully, including 71 men and 58 women, aged 21-67 years. The mean age was 40.1 years. The patients were evaluated by 0DI before surgery and at the last follow-up, and the efficacy of surgery at the last follow-up was evaluated according to the MacNab scale. The evaluation grades were excellent, good, acceptable, and poor. 59 patients were reviewed for lumbar MRI. the recurrence of herniated discs was observed in the orthopedic department of vertebral Beijing Hospital Zhang Liang. Results: The postoperative follow-up time was 3-7 years, with an average of 5.2 years. 129 patients had a preoperative ODI of 67.34%±5.68%. At the last follow-up, it was 9.32%±1.46%, which was statistically different from the preoperative one (P