Perianal abscesses are common in infants and children, and the pathogenic bacteria are mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Etiology:The soft tissues under the skin of the anus and around the anal canal are separated into different gaps by the fibers of the anal raphe and the pelvic floor fascia, which are rich in blood vessels, lymph, fat and connective tissue. Once infected, the infection can spread from the rectum directly to the surrounding tissues, or through lymphatic or hematogenous infection. Weak local defenses of the perianal skin and rectal mucosa of children are the main factors causing perianal abscesses. The perianal skin and rectal mucosa of children are delicate and can be easily scraped by dry fecal pieces or rubbed by urine and stool impregnation and rough diapers. Perianal abscesses can also be secondary to anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and rectal inflammation. Pathology:Pediatric perianal abscesses often originate from inflammation of the anal gland fossa and anal glands. It starts as reactive cellulitis of the perianal rectal tissue and later the inflammation is confined to form an abscess. If left untreated, it may penetrate into perirectal tissues such as perineum, vestibule, labia majora and vagina, forming various rectal fistulas. Clinical manifestations:Inflammatory changes such as local redness, swelling, heat and pain in the anus. At first it is hard, later it becomes soft in the center, dark red in color, appears to fluctuate, and pus is discharged after rupture. Severe cases are accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, refusal to breastfeed, and mental depression. Treatment:In the acute stage of inflammation, take conservative treatment, warm water anal sitz bath, or give anti-inflammatory suppositories through the anus, and apply topical drugs. Keep the bowel movement smoothly. During the period of abscess formation, with obvious local fluctuations, take incision and drainage. And keep the local clean.