Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is one of the common causes of lumbar and leg pain. It is mainly due to the fact that the various parts of the lumbar intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous plate), especially the nucleus pulposus, have different degrees of degenerative changes, and then the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc ruptures under the action of external factors, the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes from the rupture place (or prolapses) in the posterior part of the intervertebral disc or in the vertebral canal, resulting in the neighboring tissues such as the spinal nerve root and the dural sac suffering As a result, the adjacent tissues, such as spinal nerve roots and dural sac, are irritated or compressed, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms such as lumbar pain, numbness and pain in one or both lower limbs. The occurrence of lumbar disc herniation is the result of both internal and external factors. The internal cause is the degeneration of the lumbar disc itself, and the external cause is trauma and strain injury. The main pathological changes are the rupture of the annulus fibrosus and the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, which causes irritation and compression of the dural sac and nerve roots. The herniated nucleus pulposus in lumbar disc herniation is usually more frequent in the direction of the spinal canal and less frequent in the direction of the vertebral body. A herniated nucleus pulposus that stops in front of the posterior longitudinal ligament is called a “protrusion”, while one that passes through the posterior longitudinal ligament and enters the spinal canal is called a “prolapse”. Lumbar disc herniation can be followed by a series of pathological changes such as straightening or scoliosis, narrowing of the intervertebral space, narrowing of the intervertebral foramina, narrowing of the spinal canal, and compression of the dural sac. Generally speaking, the protruding nucleus pulposus can be reduced or partially reduced at an early stage, which is more likely in younger patients with better disc elasticity. However, in more patients, the herniated nucleus pulposus is further manifested as fibrosis, dehydration, or atrophy; it may also be ossified on the basis of the above changes, and may even lead to the formation of vertebral body margins, which may cause pressure on the dural sac. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation have typical clinical symptoms or signs 1, lumbar back pain, most patients with lumbar disc herniation have lumbar back pain, because the protruding nucleus pulposus stimulates the outer annulus fibrosus and the sinusoidal nerve fibers in the posterior longitudinal ligament, and if the protruding disc is large, it can compress the dura mater to cause duralgia; 2, sciatica, because disc herniation occurs in the lumbar 4/5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 vertebral spaces. Intervertebral space, in the lumbar 4/5 or lumbar 5 sacral 1 interspinous ligament lateral to the obvious pressure point, at the same time there is to the calf or foot radiating pain; 3, lower abdomen or anterior thigh pain, high-level herniated discs can compress lumbar 1, 2, 3 nerve roots, can cause groin area, anterior thigh pain, beware of missed diagnosis; 4, intermittent claudication, nerve root compression appeared to be congestion, edema, and other inflammatory reactions, walking after the vein plexus Congestion, inflammatory reaction aggravated after walking, claudication can occur; 5, calf anterior lateral or posterior lateral skin sensory loss,, toe muscle strength loss, the affected side of the Achilles tendon reflex decreased or disappeared; 6, cauda equina syndrome, mainly manifested as incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs, perineal hyperalgesia, urinary and fecal dysfunction, such as acute urinary chuzhou, defecation can not be controlled, male impotence, and so on. The treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation depends on the different pathological stages and clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as the physiological and psychological conditions of the patient for individualized treatment. Treatment methods are mainly divided into two main categories 1, non-surgical treatment Indications: (1) patients with the first attack and short duration of the disease; (2) patients with mild symptoms and signs; (3) patients with local or systemic skin diseases who cannot undergo surgery; (4) patients who do not agree with surgical treatment. Treatment methods mainly include: absolute bed rest, regular traction, local closure, physical therapy, etc. 2.Surgical treatment The indications are: (1) the history of the disease is more than half a year, and the formal non-operative treatment is ineffective; (2) the cauda equina syndrome, which manifests the paralysis of both lower limbs, urinary and fecal dysfunction, etc.; (3) the violent attack of lumbar disc herniation, with obvious symptoms of the lower limbs, difficulty in walking, and difficulty in falling asleep, etc.; (4) combined with the obvious lumbar spinal stenosis; (5) middle-aged and old patients with a long course of the disease, which affects the life or work of the patients. (5) Middle-aged or elderly patients with a long course of disease that affects their life or work.