The key to control coronary heart disease lies in prevention. Although coronary heart disease is a common and frequent disease in middle-aged and elderly people, the pathological basis of its atherosclerosis starts in the juvenile period, which provides an extremely valuable opportunity for prevention work during these decades. The primary prevention is to prevent the development of coronary artery disease and strive for its reversal; the tertiary prevention is to control the complications in time, improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their life span. The former is to reduce the average value of risk factors in the population by changing the behavioral habits, social structure and economic factors related to coronary heart disease risk factors in a certain population, region or country; the latter is to prevent coronary heart disease with one or more recognized (such as hypertension, smoking, etc.) The latter is to reduce the level of risk factors with a clear causal relationship with coronary heart disease in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease, currently recognized risk factors for coronary heart disease include men, middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, family history of premature coronary heart disease, smoking (now smoking > 10 cigarettes/day), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, severe obesity (overweight > 30%), and a clear past history of cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular obstruction. Among them, hypertension, high cholesterol and smoking are considered to be the three most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, which can be prevented and treated except for gender, age and family history. The formation of atherosclerotic lesions is a long process, therefore, it is necessary to develop good habits and a healthy lifestyle from childhood, to have a reasonable dietary structure, to avoid excessive fat intake and large amounts of sweets, to strengthen physical exercise, to prevent the occurrence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, overweight and obese people should take the initiative to reduce caloric intake and to strengthen the amount of exercise. In addition to risk factor intervention, patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes should actively control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids, and vigorously promote smoking cessation activities, especially to prevent children from becoming the new generation of smokers.