The occurrence of cancer is inseparable from psychological factors. Some negative psychological factors can damage human immune system, induce cancer and play the role of “catalyst” in the development of the disease. Therefore, the prevention of cancer should start from the “heart”. Severe mental trauma, long-term emotional depression and complicated psychological conflicts often lead to a sense of despair and helplessness among people with strong dependency. When these people with “cancer personality” face major life events, their negative psychology will lead to disruption of neuroendocrine activities and dysfunction of organs, which will reduce the immune system’s ability to identify and destroy cancer cells and lead to cell transformation and mutation. In daily life, people should maintain good emotions, be open-minded and liberal; treat sudden and irresistible mental stimuli calmly and be good at relieving them; moderate excessive thoughts and learn to cathartic and self-soothing, so that people can get out of the shadow of bad emotions as soon as possible and enhance the ability to resist cancer. It is not terrible to have cancer in body, but the most terrible thing is to have cancer in mind. Therefore, another important element to promote cancer recovery is psychological mediation, to condition a good mind and a positive attitude, which is also crucial to recovery. 1. Cancer is not a terminal disease and should be viewed scientifically. Cancer is a chronic disease and most cancer patients can recover to different degrees by changing their lifestyles and through multidisciplinary integrated therapy, and it is never as dangerous as cardiovascular diseases which can take away people’s lives in a short time. Therefore, we should try our best to master some scientific knowledge of anti-cancer. 2. Strive to live until 100 years old. To build up this confidence, this big goal. With this positive attitude, it can generate upward, forward and enthusiastic power, which can bring out the great potential and mobilize the cells of the whole body to surround and destroy cancer cells, and enhance the immune function of oneself 10 times more than usual. 3. Be contented and happy. Always recall the good times and happy days in the past, don’t always think that you have lived too hard and don’t complain about others. 4.Help people to enjoy. When you help others, your heart will be filled with great joy, and this state of mind will undoubtedly enhance your confidence to overcome cancer. You should do more good deeds and recommend good ideas and good treatments to people around you. II. How patients can make psychological adjustment After an individual has cancer, spiritual factors are very important. With the development of medicine, many cancers are no longer absolutely incurable. On the contrary, there are many cancer patients who can treat the disease correctly, be emotionally optimistic, actively cooperate with the treatment, follow the medical advice, strengthen nutrition, pay attention to regular life, strengthen exercise, and try to mobilize the anti-disease ability in the body, so that the disease can be controlled, improve continuously and finally be cured. Countless cases show that a positive mental state can improve the patient’s living power when he is ill and enhance the effectiveness of medicine. Any bad mental state such as fear of cancer, anger, loss of self-esteem, isolation, etc. will weaken the patient’s will to live, while being full of desire for life, courage, hard work, patience and unlimited trust in medical personnel and family can indeed strengthen the patient’s will to live. The right attitude after an illness is: to realize that one is living in reality, not in memories of the past; to put forward reasonable and realistic goals for oneself, society and family; to admit that a new problem has appeared in one’s life, to recognize it objectively and to be willing to solve it together with others around one; to try to clear oneself of negative emotions and pessimistic thoughts; to take the initiative to do what one can do; and to do what one can do after treatment. things within one’s ability; become an active collaborator in treatment, see oneself as an important member of the whole medical process, even when the condition is critical, physically and mentally make oneself feel that there is still potential to be explored, so that one is always in the realm of optimism. Third, how patients should face life 1, should try to maintain a calm state of mind, to help the body to produce immunity: thereby strengthening the efficacy of treatment. 2.Contact with people who understand you, confide in you, etc., so as to express your feelings and stabilize your inertia. 3. Face the disease positively and fight against cancer with the best health and state of mind. 4.Cultivate a sense of humor and entertain yourself, which not only can eliminate tension but also trigger a smile. Laughter is beneficial to both body and mind, and can regulate low or high blood pressure, as well as promote the production of hormones and antibodies. 5, if you find that you can not continue to work in the past, consider setting some simple goals for yourself to build self-confidence. For example, participate in voluntary work, develop some good hobbies, plan a healthy and nutritionally balanced recipe for yourself, learn to relax yourself and do exercises suitable for your physical strength, etc., and gradually achieve your goals step by step. Fourth, the patient’s family and friends should care for the patient 1, let the patient slowly to accept and organize the mood, family members should not interfere too much with the patient’s life, give the right amount of time and space. Respect the patient to have a quiet moment, if friends and relatives are worried, may be frank, mutual confession of inner feelings, so that both sides more understanding. 2. Let the patient express his or her feelings. If the patient is crying, do not discourage, listen with a calm heart, show understanding and support, and share the patient’s feelings and reactions. 3.For married people, the moral support of the spouse is the most positive and important force. The patient’s spouse must show care and love for the patient. 4.When visiting the patient, one must be prepared to stay an extra moment and not come and go in a hurry, which can share the patient’s mood. 5.Provide substantial support. Such as taking the initiative to temporarily watch children, buying basic daily necessities on behalf of the patient or accompanying the patient to the hospital for follow-up, which can reduce the patient’s psychological burden. V. How family members help patients to overcome tumor The help of family members plays an important role for patients to overcome tumor. As the family members of tumor patients, they should first of all actively guide and establish confidence, knowing that tumor is not absolutely incurable. Even for advanced malignant tumors, it is not uncommon for patients to survive with tumors for a long time through scientific treatment and optimistic mental attitude with reasonable sports practice. Therefore, family members should first build up confidence, not to be downhearted all day long, but to learn more about the treatment and nursing experience of cancer patients, so as to overcome tumor together with patients. Secondly, they should understand the patient’s temperament and arouse the patient’s desire for a better life. If you don’t know what to say when you meet a friend with tumor, you can show your concern with kind eyes or body language such as nodding your head. 2.Before talking, first of all, we should pay attention to whether the patient is willing to talk or not, and then talk in a natural and relaxed environment. 3.Listen more and talk less, listen to the patient’s heart, or even complaints, rather than talking endlessly about their past experiences, and it is not appropriate to compare their own experiences with the patient. 4.Add simple responses such as “I understand” and “yes” when appropriate to encourage the patient to continue to talk. 5.Do not impose opinions or make decisions for the patient when encountering medical problems that you do not understand. 6.When appropriate, gently holding the patient’s hand or patting the patient’s shoulder is also a kind body language. 7. If the patient is constantly blaming himself, he can be guided to recall his strengths and contributions to his family and society, which has positive meaning for him to face the disease. How family members help patients to overcome tumor The help of family members plays an important role for patients to overcome tumor. As the family members of tumor patients, they should first of all actively guide and build up confidence. It is important to know that tumor is not absolutely incurable. Even for advanced malignant tumors, it is not uncommon for patients to survive with tumors for a long time through scientific treatment and optimistic mental attitude with reasonable sports practice. Therefore, family members should first build up confidence, not to be downhearted all day long, but to learn more about the treatment and nursing experience of cancer patients, so as to overcome tumor together with patients. Secondly, they should understand the patient’s temperament and arouse the patient’s desire for a better life. Spend more time to communicate with the patient, or recall the interesting things of the former common life or plan the beautiful future life, so as to reduce the patient’s psychological burden and not to let the patient worry about the trivial things of the family, so that the patient can maintain a relaxed psychological state. Thirdly, do not be overly sensitive and inquire about other people’s illnesses indiscriminately. As each patient’s condition and constitution are different, there is no comparability between patients. Such a comparison of conditions can only unnecessarily increase the psychological burden of yourself and the patient, and cause the patient’s suspicion psychology affect the patient’s treatment. Fourth, patient care, not tired. Some patients will be dissatisfied with doctors, nurses, hospitals and everything around them when they are sick, and this emotion will lead patients to lose their temper with their families, and then they need to adapt patiently to the patient, think of the patient in every way, throw themselves at him, distract him, make him more happy and think less about the disease, and the family should understand the patient’s painful mood of being tortured by the disease. Finally, strengthen nutrition and assist in activities. Patients often have nausea, vomiting, no appetite and other symptoms, in this case, according to the patient’s appetite, make some nutritious and easy to digest food, encourage patients to eat more, so as to improve the negative nitrogen balance in the body. During the recovery period of tumor patients, through self-exercise, it can mobilize the patient’s subjective initiative, which is good for the patient’s body and mind; physical exercise is also a kind of adjuvant therapy, which is both local therapy and systemic therapy. Physical exercise can also enhance the body’s resistance to disease, reduce complications after treatment and prevent other diseases. Therefore, physical exercise is an important method for tumor patients to recover, and its main purpose is to improve and promote the recovery of various functions of patients as soon as possible. When tumor patients recover, physical exercise must be based on the characteristics of the patient and the functional status of the body, choose the appropriate exercise method, master the appropriate amount of exercise, and follow the following principles: 1. That is, to choose the exercise method and content according to their physical condition. 2, step by step, perseverance. 3, the amount of exercise should be appropriate. Nine, radiotherapy patients on how to adjust the diet patients in receiving chemotherapy, more or less will appear some chemotherapy reactions, such as oral mucosal reactions, loss of appetite, oropharyngeal pain, blood count decline, etc., because the appearance of these reactions will affect the patient’s appetite, leading to the aggravation of the reaction, the vicious circle will eventually affect the smooth progress of treatment, or even interrupt the treatment, so the chemotherapy patient’s diet regulation is a very important Therefore, the dietary management of chemotherapy patients is a very important issue. First of all, the patient’s diet should follow the principle of “three highs and one low”. The so-called three high means high vitamin, high protein, high calories, such as lean meat, seafood, fresh fruits, vegetables, etc.; a low refers to low fat; secondly, the patient should eat light and easy to digest food, avoid greasy and spicy, as far as possible to make the taste mellow, so that the patient can easily accept; third: according to the reaction in radiation therapy to adjust food, such as white blood cell decline should pay attention to eat some animal liver, spinach, soy products, etc. Soybean products, etc. If the patient suffers from loss of appetite and indigestion due to radiotherapy, a small number of meals can be given, and the total intake should not be reduced on the premise of eating several times. It is not recommended to avoid eating during radiotherapy. How to face eating disorders in cancer patients Obstacle 1: Loss of appetite is often manifested in the early stage of cancer. The reasons include the enlargement of cancer tumor, toxin production, the effect of chemotherapy drugs and radiation, etc. The patient’s appetite can be greatly reduced, resulting in a sharp decrease in the amount of food eaten, some of which is only one-third or even less than before the onset of cancer. Countermeasures: Small and frequent meals should be emphasized, and the number of meals per day should be unlimited. Patients should be encouraged to eat when they want to eat, and to eat as much as possible. If you feel tired or uncomfortable during the meal, take a break and eat again. Try to meet the patient’s requirements for food and cooking methods and constantly change the pattern, paying special attention to the color, aroma, taste and shape of the combination. Pay attention to the combination of soft and hard, dry and thin. Appetizers (such as hawthorn, etc.) can be tried in appropriate amounts to increase appetite. Increase the salt intake moderately to improve the appetite of some cancer patients. Keep a relaxed mood before and after meals. Excessively sweet or greasy food will further reduce appetite and should be avoided. Barrier 2: Altered sense of taste Causes include enlargement of cancer tumors, the effect of chemotherapy drugs, damage to taste buds by radiation and lack of trace elements such as zinc. Many cancer patients have a weakened sense of sweetness and sourness, while they are more sensitive to bitterness. The sensation of saltiness varies greatly from person to person. Countermeasures: Try sugar or lemon to enhance the sweetness and sourness, and use foods with unique flavors such as mushrooms and onions. Try not to use or use less bitter foods such as bitter melon and mustard, and adjust the amount of salt according to the patient’s sense of saltiness. We have observed that the use of cold dishes with moderate amounts of condiments is attractive to cancer patients with a more altered sense of taste. Such a food combination does not provide adequate nutrition, but often improves the appetite of cancer patients, opening a door for them to eat in the face of their “odd” tastes. Barrier 3: Nausea and vomiting Mainly caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. You should not eat within 2 hours before radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Food should be light and avoid too sweet or greasy, especially not fried or deep-fried food and creamy food, and do not consume a lot of drinks at one time. Cold and hot foods should not be consumed at the same time to avoid stimulation of the stomach and intestines. Practice shows that the use of sour food in moderation is often effective in improving the eating condition of cancer patients with nausea and vomiting. If vomiting is serious, antiemetics can be taken under the guidance of doctors and intravenous rehydration can be paid attention to avoid disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism. Obstacle 4: Mouth ulcers are mainly caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but also by cancer tumor itself and viral infection. Patients may be unable to eat and chew due to oral ulcers. Countermeasures: Use liquid enteral nutrition preparation, either orally or by tube feeding, supplemented by a small amount of fresh juice to promote digestion. Adopt the principle of small amount and multiple meals, and pay attention to the “three degrees” of enteral nutrition preparation to reduce the intolerance reaction after feeding: 1.Temperature: similar to the skin temperature; 2.Speed: each oral or tube feeding should not exceed 200ml, and the speed should not be too fast; 3.Concentration: should not exceed 25z, and generally can be configured according to the instructions on the enteral preparation. The volume ratio of the powdered enteral preparation to water is usually 1:4 to 1:6. These means mentioned above more or less change7 the patient’s original dietary habits and may make the patient feel inconvenienced in the initial stage of implementation. Talking to friends and family about their feelings and getting their help may help to overcome these inconveniences. Obviously, the patient’s own efforts and the help and cooperation of friends and relatives are the fundamental guarantee for the continuation of nutritional therapy, and a comfortable and warm dining environment will help to enhance the effect of nutritional therapy. Recipes for common tumors after radiotherapy Lung cancer (1) 100 grams each of lily and water chestnut, ten honey dates, and appropriate amount of rock sugar. Peel the water chestnut, wash the remaining flavors, decoct and cook them together, take one dose daily in one or two doses, which has the effect of clearing heat and nourishing yin, moistening lung and resolving phlegm. (2) 40 ml of sugar cane juice, 100 g of glutinous rice and 30 g of pine nuts. Boil the three flavors together into a thin porridge and take one dose daily, divided into one or two doses, with the efficacy of clearing heat, nourishing Yin, tonifying lung and strengthening spleen. Esophageal cancer Shana barley porridge: 15 grams of Shana, 10 grams of spineflower, 15 grams of lycopodium, 40 grams of n rice. The first three flavors are decocted in a cloth bag, and the dregs are removed and added to n rice to cook the porridge, one dose per B, 15-20 days as a course of treatment. Stomach cancer Pear juice, sugar cane and grape dew: one part of pear juice, two parts of sugar cane juice, one part of grape juice. It can be taken cold or heated and served warm. It has the effect of clearing heat and nourishing stomach, generating body fluid and quenching thirst. Food therapy for tumor is to prevent or assist in the treatment of tumor through the regulation of diet. When applying food therapy to tumor patients, it is important to note that: 1. Food is part of medicine and has certain curative effect, but it cannot replace medicine. 2.Food therapy cannot replace the conventional treatment of tumor, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy drugs, Chinese herbal medicine, immunotherapy, and their adjuvant treatment. 3.Food therapy can play a greater role in tumor prevention. Principles of food therapy 1. In prevention, pay attention to reasonable diet. Eat more fresh vegetables and fresh fruits. Eat more vitamin-rich food, not too much fat, and eat some fiber-rich food. 2, in adjuvant treatment, the purpose of food therapy is to strengthen the body, so that various treatments can be carried out normally, as well as to improve the body’s immune system, so that the prevention of metastasis and recurrence is possible. Examples of food classification: 1. Soft and firm food jellyfish, kelp, seaweed, seaweed, sea cucumber, abalone, etc. in seafood. The river product, Ulva violet, also softens the firmness. The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea of what you are getting into. 2, blood activation food Chinese medicine believes that many tumors can be manifested as blood stasis. The treatment is based on blood circulation and blood stasis medicine. Crab can relieve blood stasis and disperse blood, which is very suitable for cancer with blood stasis. Crab claws and flying crab shells also have the function of breaking blood. Hawthorn can help digestion and also has the function of invigorating blood. 3.Foods for Qi management: such as orange peel, kumquat, Buddha’s hand, lemon peel, etc. 4, elimination of conductive foods: radish can eliminate food and phlegm, abdominal distension is also suitable for consumption. Ginger can appease the stomach, but also can stop vomiting. Hawthorn can also eliminate meat and food. 5.Clear heat food: mung beans clear heat and detoxification, can be eaten when there is cancerous fever. Loofah, cool the blood and detoxify. 6, spleen food: rice kernel, with the spleen, stomach and lung function, and can break the poisonous swelling, treatment of lung fistula, lung gas accumulation of pus and blood. The spleen can be strengthened by the red beans, which can strengthen the spleen and promote dampness, when there is edema in the spleen. Carp, strengthen the spleen and benefit the qi, can also be eaten when there is ascites. 7, aphrodisiac food: mutton, warming the vital energy, but yin deficiency, heat evidence when avoid eating. Eel, warm tonic. Chicken, is a great tonic food, but warm, hot evidence, yin deficiency when avoid. 8, nourishing foods: raw pear, moisten the lung. Sugar cane juice, nourish Yin, and can stop vomiting. Honey, nourish Yin and moisten dryness. Watermelon, nourishing and clearing heat. Duck, nourishes Yin, but is nourishing and difficult to digest. Pork skin, also has a nourishing effect on yin. 9, other beneficial food: such as a variety of mushrooms, for all kinds of tumor patients can eat. Garlic, anti-cancer may be beneficial. Asparagus, millets, etc. are also beneficial. How to “eat” can prevent cancer The investigation of the U.S. Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Council (DNC) shows that colon cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer and lung cancer are most likely to be prevented by changing dietary habits. In fact, a proper diet may have a preventive effect on most cancers, especially because there are various cancer-preventive ingredients in plant-based foods, which have a preventive effect on almost all cancers. 8 dietary guidelines published by the Chinese Nutrition Society in 1997 are: 1. Variety of foods, with cereals as the main ingredient. A variety of foods should include grains and potatoes, animal foods, legumes and their products, vegetables and fruits, and pure calorie foods. 2, eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes to maintain cardiovascular health, increase resistance to disease, prevent cancer, and prevent eye disease. 3, eat milk, beans and their products every day. Calcium in our diet is generally lacking, only half of the recommended supply. And dairy foods contain high calcium, and with bean food, is an excellent source of protein. 4, often eat the right amount of fish, poultry, eggs, lean meat, less fatty meat and meat and oil. The amino acid composition of animal protein is comprehensive, with high lysine content; and unsaturated fatty acids of fish have the effect of lowering blood lipids and preventing thrombosis. 5, surplus meals and physical activity balance, to maintain the appropriate weight. The calorie supply for breakfast, lunch and dinner should be 30% and 40% respectively. 6.Eat light meals with less salt. The average salt intake of our residents is about 15 grams per day, which is more than two times the value recommended by the World Health Organization, so the intake of salt should be reduced, and the daily salt intake should not exceed 6 grams. 7, drinking alcohol should be moderate. 8, eat clean and hygienic, non-perishable food. Including the choice of food in line with health standards, especially green food. Which trace elements are good for cancer prevention The minerals needed by human body are divided into two categories: one is the minerals needed by human body in large quantities, called macronutrients; the other is the minerals needed by human body in small quantities, called trace elements. There is evidence that some trace elements have important anti-cancer effects. 1.Selenium: Epidemiological and laboratory studies have proved that selenium has important anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects, preventing the division and growth of cancer cells. Foods rich in selenium include sea fish, garlic, mushrooms, asparagus and so on. However, selenium should not be taken in excess to prevent selenium poisoning. 2, iron: iron can improve the body’s immune function, participate in redox function, eliminate reactive oxygen and free radicals. Iron deficiency anemia can make the patient’s resistance decline and anti-cancer ability decrease. Iron can inhibit the growth of some cells in the stomach and prevent these bacteria from converting nitrite into nitrosamines and causing stomach and esophageal cancer. Trivalent iron can destroy the DNA in the cells, so the supplemental iron should not be too much. 3, magnesium: epidemiological evidence, soil and food with high magnesium content in the area, the incidence of cancer is low. Food rich in magnesium are cereal, pepper, banana, egg yolk, beans, etc.