1.What is tumor? All organs and tissues of human body are made up of billions of cells, which are always newborn, growing, aging and dying in a certain way and at a certain speed under normal circumstances, and are metabolizing regularly to maintain the normal function of the body and meet the physiological needs of human body. Normal cells have this automatic control characteristic, even if the cells are moved to the outside of the body for culture will not change. For example, if the skin on a person’s finger is injured and split, there is a small wound and the local cells start to proliferate, and when the wound heals, the cells automatically stop proliferating. However, when the human body is subjected to long-term stimulation by certain factors, such as the stimulation of neuropsychiatric factors, hormonal imbalance, low immune function, and physical fly biological fly chemical stimulation, certain tissues and organs of the body will undergo a series of qualitative changes, excessive proliferation or abnormal differentiation and the formation of new organisms, which are different from normal tissue cells, that is, they do not follow the normal cell It is different from normal tissue cells, that is, it does not grow according to the normal metabolic law and is not subject to restraint and control. Such abnormal cell mass is tumor. 2.What is cancer? Cancer is called “cancer” in English, which is directly translated as “crab”, and figuratively suggests that it grows “openly” and “rampantly”. It is an image that suggests its characteristics of growing with “teeth and claws” and invading with “rampant”. When people hear the term “cancer”, most of them think that it is a single disease like “measles” and “cold”. In fact, the term “cancer” often refers to more than 200 diseases that can originate in any one cell or organ in the body. If a cell in one part of the body grows excessively and is not regulated in any way, it becomes a tumor. Under normal circumstances, cells in each organ of the body divide and grow in a certain way and at a certain rate to carry out metabolism; various cells have a certain life span, and at a certain time, new cells grow out and old cells wither and die to maintain the normal function of the body. However, sometimes, under the action of external or internal special factors for a long time, some abnormal cells appear in a certain part of the body: their growth ability is particularly strong, their growth rate is particularly fast, and they grow without control, and then cancer is formed. Cancer is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial tissue: regardless of where it occurs, cancer is malignant and cannot be self-controlled: it is a new organism that grows invasively. Different parts of the body have different names for cancer, such as lung cancer and breast cancer. However, different types of cancer with different characteristics may exist in one site, for example, breast cancer and lung cancer both have multiple types. Another characteristic of cancer is that the tumor continues to grow and does not disappear on its own even after the factors that caused it have been eliminated. 3. What is the relationship between smoking and cancer According to the American Cancer Society, 5 million people died of smoking-related diseases worldwide in 2000, of which 30% (about 1.42 million) died of cancer; in the 20th century, tobacco claimed the lives of 100 million people worldwide. Smoking is associated with about 85% of lung cancers, 80% of laryngeal, pharyngeal, oral and lip cancers, 75% of esophageal cancers, 45% of bladder cancers, 30% of cervical and pancreatic cancers, and 20% of stomach cancers. The cancer mortality rate of smokers is two times higher than that of non-smokers; while heavy smokers are up to four times higher. Smoking causes cancer not only at the site of direct contact (mouth, throat, larynx and lungs) but also at distant sites. For example, almost 50% of male bladder and kidney cancer deaths are due to smoking, and smokers are 23 times more likely to develop bladder and kidney cancer than non-smokers. Thirty percent of the 4,600 cervical cancer deaths in the United States each year are due to smoking. Passive smoking (including contaminated air) has also been shown to be a cause of cancer in non-smokers, and is especially harmful to children. Smoking cessation can be of great benefit to all cancer patients, especially in the early stages of tumors. Quitting is especially important for patients with tumors that are closely related to smoking. For example, in malignant tumors of the head and neck, smoking cessation after diagnosis reduces the incidence of second primary cancers, lesion recurrence, and radiation therapy-induced morbidity. For cancer patients, quitting smoking can also reduce complications associated with anesthesia, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. 4.What is “survival with tumor”? The so-called “survival with tumor” refers to the disappearance of common cancer symptoms, local shrinkage of the tumor, no longer spreading of cancer cells, long-term stability and improvement of the patient’s condition after effective systemic anti-tumor treatment. In other words, the immune protection function of the body is greater than the ability of tumor spreading, so that the cancer cells are “quiescent” or “dormant” for a long time and the patient is in a healthy state of clinical cure. We often say that one third of tumors can be prevented, one third can be cured, and one third can be remitted, and the so-called one third can be remitted means that patients can “live with tumor” for a long time through palliative treatment.