Intracranial and cervical atherosclerotic changes are very common diseases in middle-aged and old-aged people. Early atherosclerotic changes may not have specific clinical manifestations, but if the brain oxygen consumption increases or blood pressure changes may cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, resulting in clinical manifestations, and it is important to pay attention to early prevention and treatment. Atherosclerotic changes in the intracranial and carotid arteries are common in middle-aged and elderly people. Increased oxygen consumption in the brain or changes in blood pressure can lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, resulting in dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, headache, limb weakness and a series of clinical manifestations. Most of them are also accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, such as cold hands and feet, insomnia, memory loss and other symptoms. If the atherosclerosis is only mild, anti-atherosclerosis treatment can be given on the basis of active dietary control, mainly using statins for treatment, commonly used drugs are atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, simvastatin, etc., and anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin or clopidogrel, can be added if necessary. If the patient’s blood vessels have severe stenosis, the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis is more than 70%, it is necessary to carry out endovascular treatment under the guidance of the doctor, which can be carried out carotid endarterectomy or internal carotid artery stenting, and carry out regular follow-up observation. Atherosclerotic changes in the intracranial and carotid arteries require systemic treatment under medical supervision.