OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Hypoproliferative acute leukemia is not a type of acute leukemia and refers to hypoproliferative bone marrow in leukemia patients, which can be seen in any kind of leukemia. It is characterized by hypoproliferative bone marrow, but the primary cells are still >20%, and the main manifestations are dizziness, weakness, palpitations, shortness of breath, bleeding from skin or mucous membranes, and fever.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Hematology
Clinical symptoms
Dizziness, weakness, palpitations, shortness of breath, bleeding from the skin or mucous membranes and feverish infections are among the symptoms.
Hazards
It can cause anemia, bleeding, infection, etc. and is seriously life threatening.
Examination
Blood routine, blood smear, bone marrow examination, bone marrow biopsy pathology examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of medical history, clinical manifestations combined with blood smear, bone marrow examination, and bone marrow biopsy pathology.
Treatment principle
Combined chemotherapy, for some patients, intense chemotherapy should probably be avoided, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation if necessary.
Curability
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve the cure rate in some patients.
Dietary advice
Pay attention to dietary hygiene, give high protein, high vitamin, easy to digest diet.
Etiology
Epidemiology
Mostly occurs in elderly patients with acute leukemia, rare in children.
Etiology
The cause of leukemia has not yet been fully elucidated.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Anemia symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, palpitations and shortness of breath are most common in most patients. Bleeding from skin and mucous membranes is common, with mild or moderate bleeding predominating. Some patients are characterized by fever and infection.
Diagnostic basis
There are clinical manifestations such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, skin or mucous membrane bleeding. The peripheral blood often shows a decrease in the number of whole blood cells, and occasionally a few primitive cells or naive cells are seen. Bone marrow image shows hypoproliferation with ≥20% primitive cells. Bone marrow pathology shows a decrease of nucleated cells in the bone marrow, and primitive cells can be seen; it also confirms a decrease in the proportion of hematopoietic tissues, and the percentage generally fluctuates from 5% to 40%, which is an important diagnostic basis for this disease.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Some patients with hypoproliferative acute leukemia tolerate chemotherapy poorly and may die of infection or bleeding early in the course of chemotherapy. The choice of induction therapy should be made according to the patient’s specific situation (physical condition, disease condition), adequate supportive therapy.
Drug therapy
Combined with chemotherapy, patients with co-infections and other complications are given anti-infective and appropriate symptomatic supportive therapy.
Radiotherapy
Some of the patients with hypoproliferative acute leukemia may be poorly tolerant to chemotherapy and may die of infection or hemorrhage early in the course of chemotherapy. In view of the above characteristics, patients with hypoproliferative leukemia should be treated with induction therapy, and the choice of chemotherapy dose should be based on the patient’s specific physical condition and disease status. Some patients should avoid intense chemotherapy, and adequate supportive therapy is very necessary.
Prognosis
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can improve the cure rate in some patients.
Nursing care
Daily care
Maintain appropriate greenhouse degree and ventilate frequently. Keep the environment clean and hygienic, keep the patient’s body clean to prevent the spread of bacteria in the body, and do a good job in oral care, perineal and anal care to prevent various infections. Family members should be good at understanding and supporting patients and learn to listen; if necessary, they should seek professional help to avoid accidents. Keep the bedsheets smooth and the bedding and clothing light and soft; avoid collision or trauma to the limbs. 5. Avoid high water temperature and scrubbing the skin too hard when bathing or cleaning. Patients use soft bristle toothbrush to brush teeth, avoid using toothpicks to pick teeth.
Diet regulation
Pay attention to dietary hygiene, give high protein, high vitamin, easy to digest food. Avoid fried, spiny or bone-containing foods, nuts with shells and hard fruits. Chew and swallow slowly when eating to avoid damage to the oral mucosa.