When a patient finds a tumor, he or she is very afraid and does not know how to diagnose and treat it. Inquiring from the east and consulting from the west, they are usually confused and delayed. I suggest patients and friends, once the disease is diagnosed, you should make the decision immediately, choose the hospital and doctor you trust, and undergo surgery at an early stage, after which the doctor will make a treatment plan according to the postoperative pathological results. Of course, some regular checkups after surgery are necessary. Below is an introduction of several cancer indicators that are usually checked before and after surgery – tumor markers. The so-called tumor markers refer to the active substances that are closely related to tumors, which are synthesized directly by tumor cells, secreted by tumor cells or produced by other tissues in the process of tumorigenesis, and exist in tumor cells or body fluids of the host mainly in the form of tumor-associated antigens, oncogene-activated proteins, hormones, receptors, oncogenes and other products, enzymes or isoenzymes. These markers can be measured by biochemical, immunohistochemical or radioimmunoassay techniques. At present, more than 100 kinds of tumor markers have been found, and those commonly used in clinic include: 1. Enzymes γ-glutamyltransferase and isoenzymes, the main detected tumors are primary hepatocellular carcinoma; Lactate dehydrogenase, the main detected tumors are malignant lymphoma, germ cell tumors, and neuroblastoma; Acid phosphatase, the main detected tumors are prostate cancer; and neuron specific enolase is the main detected tumors are small-cell lung carcinoma. 2, Carcinoembryonic class A fetal globulin, the main detection of the tumor is primary liver cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.; carcinoembryonic antigen, the main detection of the tumor is digestive tumors and lung cancer, breast cancer. 3.Proteins Glycosylated antigen 19-9, the main tumors are pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer, gastrointestinal tract tumors; Glycosylated antigen 125, the main tumors are ovarian cancer; Glycosylated antigen 15-3, the main tumors are breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer and so on: Immunoglobulin, the main tumors are multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s disease; Ferritin, the main tumors are Hodgkin’s disease, acute granulomatous leukemia, liver cancer and other cancers; Ferritin, the main tumors are Hodgkin’s disease, acute granulocytic leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer and other diseases. leukemia, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. are helpful for diagnosis. β2 microglobulin is mainly used to check for hematopoietic malignancies. Prostate-specific antigen is mainly used to check prostate cancer. 4.Hormones Calcitonin, the main detected tumors are medullary thyroid cancer, small cell lung cancer; chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), the main detected tumors are choriocarcinoma, testicular cancer, teratoma, spermatogonia; steroid hormones, the main detected tumors are adrenal glands, ovary, testis malignant tumors; catecholamines, the main detected tumors are neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma; ⑤ Thyrocyte globulin, the main detected tumors are adrenal, ovarian, and testicular malignant tumors. Globulin, the main tumor detected is thyroid cancer. EBV antigen is commonly found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 6. Genes and gene proteins: Elevated BCR-abl is commonly found in chronic myeloid leukemia; Elevated C-crbB2 is commonly found in breast cancer and ovarian cancer; Elevated Rb is commonly found in retinoblastoma; and Elevated C-sis is commonly found in lung cancer. P53 and its products, have a broader auxiliary diagnostic significance. Tumor metastasis suppressor gene nm23 and its products also have broader auxiliary significance. The above tumor markers can only be used as diagnostic reference for the diagnosis of patients with tumors, but cannot be used as the basis for confirming the diagnosis. Although elevated tumor markers in the patient’s blood can suggest the possibility of the existence of tumors, tumor marker-negative patients can not be completely excluded from the tumor. Clinically, the proportion of false-negative and false-positive is not low. The main significance of tumor markers is to monitor the changes of the condition. At present, scholars at home and abroad are searching for new and more specific tumor markers by using modern proteomics analysis technology, and it is believed that they can be applied to the clinic in the near future, which will rapidly improve our level of tumor diagnosis.