Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and its incidence rate has been on the rise in recent years. People over 50 years old are the most common group of people with bowel cancer, and both men and women may suffer from bowel cancer, with the incidence ratio of colon cancer and rectal cancer accounting for about half each. Clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer: Rectal cancer firstly manifests irritation symptoms of rectum, increased frequency of stool, unshaped stool, thin shape of stool, and laborious defecation. In the later stage, there may be blood in stool, which is more in quantity, dark red in color, accompanied by mucus, and in some cases, it is even mucous blood stool. If there is obstruction to the intestinal lumen, then there will be symptoms of intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, stopping of bowel movement, and defecation. Be careful not to confuse rectal cancer blood in stool with hemorrhoids, which bleed freshly, usually in small amounts, usually dripping blood after stool, and not mixing with stool. Colorectal cancer is mainly manifested by consumption, such as anemia, emaciation, fatigue, low fever, etc. A mass can be touched in the abdomen. Early colon cancer mostly manifests as change of bowel habit, dry stool and diarrhea alternately, dark red blood mixed with stool, and bowel obstruction symptoms in late stage: abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and stopping defecation and gas. Prevention of colorectal cancer: Maintaining healthy diet is an important way to prevent colorectal cancer, try to eat less fried, smoked, high-fat, high-protein food, and do not eat fruits, vegetables and food that may be corrupted, you should eat more yams, sweet potatoes, corn, fruits, fresh vegetables, and other foods that are rich in carbohydrates and crude fibers, which have a short residence time in the intestine and are conducive to the discharging of toxins from the intestinal tract. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: increase the amount of exercise appropriately, maintain a regular rhythm of life, quit smoking and drinking, and control body weight. The high-risk groups of colorectal cancer are: people over 30-40 years old, more common over 60 years old, people with digestive symptoms; people with history of colorectal cancer; people with pre-cancerous colorectal lesions such as adenomas, ulcerative colitis, schistosomiasis; people with a family history of cancer, familial polyposis, and hereditary colorectal disease; people with a history of pelvic radiotherapy; and people with a history of gallbladder or appendectomy. People with these high-risk factors should have regular medical checkups, do fecal occult blood tests and anal fingerprinting once a year, and have colonoscopy if necessary. Active treatment of colorectal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and intestinal adenoma is also very crucial. Treatment of colorectal cancer: The treatment effect of early colorectal cancer is very ideal, with 5-year survival rate of more than 90% after surgical treatment, while the 5-year survival rate of advanced colorectal cancer is less than 50%. Early detection and timely treatment is an effective way to improve the cure rate of colorectal cancer. People with high-risk factors must have regular medical checkups; once symptoms such as change in bowel habit or blood in stool appear, they should consult the doctor in time. Once diagnosed with colorectal cancer, the only truly effective treatment is surgical resection of the tumor, and adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy are also needed for patients with progressive cancer. Different surgical methods are used according to different parts of the tumor, such as right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoidectomy, radical rectal cancer surgery (including anus-preserving and non-anus-preserving styles). Surgical methods can be divided into traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, faster recovery of intestinal function, shorter hospitalization, etc., and the effect of radical treatment and long-term survival rate are similar to that of traditional surgery. Postoperative precautions: Colorectal cancer patients should choose the quality and quantity of diet reasonably after surgery. Postoperative recovery diet usually starts from drinking water, and gradually goes over to liquid diet and semi-liquid diet. When the condition recovers, it is advisable to choose high protein, high calorie, low fat and easy to digest food, and add or subtract supplements according to the character, frequency and quantity of stools, etc. It is forbidden to eat spicy and stimulating food, and it is better to have a light diet without greasy food. Rectal surgery patients will appear early intestinal dysfunction, the most common is diarrhea, followed by constipation, generally 3 to 6 months after surgery after significant relief, without special treatment. For those with frequent diarrhea, consider antidiarrheal drugs for symptomatic treatment.