Newborn fundus screening is necessary. During the critical and sensitive period of visual development, the formation of vision in children is susceptible to abnormal vision development due to interference and disruption by various factors. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinopathy that occurs in immature or low-birth-weight infants and manifests as retinal ischemia, neovascularization and proliferative retinopathy. Chinese screening criteria are recommended to be weight <2000g and gestational age <32 weeks; preterm infants with high risk factors weighing <2.2kg and gestational age <34 weeks. Generally the first screening should start at 4-6 weeks after birth or corrected gestational age of 32 or 34 weeks. In addition to ROP, eye diseases such as congenital cataract, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, and congenital ptosis also jeopardize children's eye health. Routine screening should be done at the eye care clinic in conjunction with the timing of physical examination for systematic management of children aged 0 to 7 years (4 times within 1 year, once every 6 months from 1 to 3 years, and once a year after 3 years of age). Children with abnormal fundus screenings are advised to seek prompt medical attention to assess their condition and follow medical advice.