The intervertebral foramen is the intervertebral foramen in the spine. The structures entering and exiting the foramen are mainly nerves and blood vessels, with spinal nerves exiting the foramen and blood vessels and branch nerves entering through the foramen. The intervertebral foramen is enclosed by the adjacent upper and lower vertebral arches, which are adjacent to the lateral saphenous fossa and outside the intervertebral foramen outlet, with the upper boundary being the inferior edge of the superior arch root, the lower boundary being the superior superior arch root, the anterior boundary being the posterior inferior edge of the superior vertebral body and the posterior outer edge of the intervertebral disc, and the posterior boundary being the articular eminence joint, the vertebral plate and the ligamentum flavum.1. Spinal nerve: It mainly ensures sensation and movement below the neck of the body. The spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord at the beginning, and after exiting through the intervertebral foramen, it is mainly distributed in the muscle tissue of the trunk, lateral abdomen and extremities. When the spinal nerve is damaged, such as inflammation, compression, trauma, etc., depending on the location of the damage, it may produce pain and numbness in the neck, chest and abdomen, waist and limbs, impaired movement or involve the body’s organs so that function is impaired, and in severe cases, paraplegia may occur and loss of sensation; 2. Blood vessels and branch nerves: Mainly maintain the blood and oxygen supply to the tissue structures in the spine. It enters through the intervertebral foramen and is surrounded by connective tissue and fat externally to protect the blood vessels and nerves. When they are damaged, they may affect the oxygen and energy supply within the spine, further affecting the body’s motor function.