Prostate-specific antigen, also known as PSA, is a protease that is secreted by prostate epithelial cells and is present in very low serum levels in normal individuals, but in the development of prostate cancer, normal glandular tissue is destroyed and serum levels of PSA are elevated.
When PSA is elevated, it is commonly seen in the following diseases, first, prostate cancer. Second, elevated serum PSA levels are also seen in prostate enlargement, prostatitis and urologic diseases.
When the PSA is in the gray matter region of 4 to 10, an F/P ratio is required. If both are elevated and the F/T ratio is less than 10%, both should be considered as possible prostate cancer and a prostate puncture is needed for a definitive diagnosis. Currently, most people believe that when the total PSA level is between 4 and 10, the ratio of free to total PSA is the basis for identifying benign and malignant prostate, and when the F/T value is between 0.1 and 0.25, puncture biopsy should be performed. The diagnosis of prostate cancer should be clarified by puncture biopsy.