Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus consisting of a viral protein shell and core DNA material. HPV is widely distributed in humans and animals, and its infection is highly tissue-specific, with the susceptible areas being mainly the superficial layers of the skin and mucous membranes, causing proliferative damage to the squamous epithelium. More than 200 clinical subtypes of HPV have been detected, which can be classified into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk types based on the cancer risk of HPV. High-risk types include HPV-l6, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, 82, intermediate-risk types include HPV-26, 53, 66, and low-risk types include HPV-6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, 81, and CP6108. The main transmission route of HPV is sexual contact. The main risk of HPV infection to women is in the lower genital tract: 1, vulva, vaginal condyloma Condyloma acuminatum manifests itself as a characteristic papilloma, low-risk HPV infection is the direct cause of condyloma acuminatum. HPV-6 infection accounts for more than 70%, followed by type 11, very few can be caused by 42, 44, 54 and 55, etc. The main causes of HPV infection are cervical condyloma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. cINII, CINIII and cervical cancer are mainly high-risk HPV-l6, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 58 infections. Among them, HPV-16 infection accounts for about 53% and HPV-18 infection accounts for about 15%. Squamous cervical cancer is mainly HPV-16 infection, and cervical adenocarcinoma is often associated with HPV-18. HPV is common in sexually active people, and at least 75% of sexually active women will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. Only women infected with high-risk subtypes who also have other high-risk factors are likely to progress to highly squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix or cervical cancer. Therefore, HPV infection should be taken seriously but not feared. If infection occurs, early therapeutic intervention is required to reduce the risk of cancer.