The most common cause of painful urination is urinary tract infection. The clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection are frequent, urgent, and painful urination, and some patients may even develop visual hematuria. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection can be made by routine urine examination, which indicates an increase in the number of white blood cells in the urine and the presence of bacteria on the urine surface, and can be considered a urinary tract infection. However, urinary tract infections can be caused by other factors, such as urinary stones and urinary system malformations, which can cause urinary tract infections and painful urination. For simple urinary tract infections, patients can be advised to drink more water, take appropriate oral sensitive antibiotics, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and stop smoking and drinking, all of which can help treat urinary tract infections. For complicated urinary tract infections, a urine culture test is needed to select a sensitive antibiotic based on the urine culture results.