In the population of HIV antiretroviral treatment, patients with poor adherence, long-term intermittent medication, or patients who often stop taking medication on their own are at high risk for drug resistance. Patients should be alerted to the possibility of drug resistance when they experience the following conditions: 1) weight loss; 2) poor improvement of CD4 levels through monitoring, or even a tendency of progressive decline; 3) more accurately reflecting the persistent increase in viral levels. These groups of people need to be alerted to the occurrence of drug resistance, and need to be further clarified through the drug sensitivity test of antiviral drugs to determine whether drug resistance occurs. In addition to indicating whether the patient is resistant to the drug, the test report can also accurately reflect which one or more mechanisms of action of the drug is resistant to the drug, and through the results of the test, the patient’s treatment program can be adjusted to avoid the use of the drug that has already become resistant to continue antiviral therapy. In the course of treatment, it is also necessary to strengthen the patient’s adherence education to improve the patient’s adherence.